Filed under continents and regions by Students of China on June 28, 2011 at 17:57
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China has a vast region, long history and splendid culture. In the long-term political, economic, cultural and social evolution, gradually formed in different areas and has a unique cultural resource advantage. Only the active mining, effective protection of the unique culture and make full use of local resources, further increase the intensity of innovation of industrialization of cultural resources, to better and faster realization of regional cultural resources advantages into industrial, economic and development advantages of conversion.
Rich variety of cultural resources in the region is the development of cultural industry of precious wealth. The new historical period, how mining and protect historical and cultural resources, how to use and play with regional cultural resources advantages; how to develop cultural industries with local features, how to implement a regional cultural resources advantages to the industrial and economical advantages of conversion? Difficulties encountered have become at all levels of Government decisions on these issues and theoretical research focus. Proposed in this article from the perspective of regional industrialization of cultural resources, attempts to regional cultural heritage and cultural relationship between the industrialization of resources, the current challenges of industrialization of China’s regional culture and regional cultural resource industrialization path to do some analysis.
, Regional cultural resources and the industrialization of regional cultural resources inherent relationship.
Regional interdependence between cultural resource and industrialization, mutual promotion, restraint. Industrialization of cultural resources not only helps to highlight the value of regional culture, realize the industrial value of cultural resources in the region, but also better advocacy, protection and excellent regional cultural inheritance.
1. the industrialization of cultural resources: the important way to highlight regional culture resource advantage.
”After entering the second half of the 20th century, people for the industrialization of culture has had a more profound understanding, and that it will in the future of an entire culture in the development and economic development, has a unique position. “[1] cultural resources of the area is within a certain range of historical and cultural heritage, are core elements of regional culture industry and soul. Regional cultural resource industrialization is the important approach to regional, cultural and social values and economic value. Once leaving the regional culture of regional culture industry, will lose its unique cultural charm and real competitiveness. In today’s society, culture not only profound implication and lasting power of the economic and social development, and become the new focus of the new round of regional competition and new highlights.
Rich local characteristics of the cultural power of cultural industries and cultural product has started to become a new engine to drive the rapid development of regional economy. Regional or national culture difference of larger regional cultural characteristics of the product is more distinct and culture of the more vulnerable consumers of all ages, the more value of cultural resources of the region’s economic development is obvious.
In addition, the regional cultural resource industrialization through its publicity effects of cultural products, better people home-loving, and love their homeland, love people and feelings of love for the motherland. Regional cultural products reflected traditional values and humane spirit to improve the quality of people’s culture, strengthening the ideological and moral cultivation, promote social harmony also has an irreplaceable role.
2. the industrialization of cultural resources: effective means to protect the cultural resources in the region.
”Within a country is concerned, many countries are multicultural, multi-ethnic, safeguarding cultural diversity mainly lies in respect for minority rights. “[2] as the infiltration of foreign cultures and the impact of market economy, protection of cultural resources more and more important and urgent. Regional cultural resource protection mandatory protection through legislative means, or through traditional means such as censuses, establishment of databases, copying for protection. However the protection of cultural resources in the best way is the industrialization of cultural resources. Through the industrialization of cultural resources not only to achieve the effective exploitation of cultural resources, and can make in the exploitation of cultural resources are protected and sublimation. Regional cultural resource protection is not simply for rescue and for rescue, protection and protection, but in order to better carry forward the excellent national culture, to better meet the needs of the people’s growing spiritual and cultural. In recent years, the cultural tourism industry around the growing momentum of development. Under its stimulus, has further strengthened the protection of local cultural resources, access to work. Folk Museum built on the verge of extinction, life protection and reproduction, special local cultural program performance of mining the local historical and cultural connotation of, a large number of rich local culture product development, local history and culture through effective utilization of resources, to get protection and inheritance.
3. the industrialization of cultural resources: the promotion of regional cultural interaction in a unique way.
”Coexistence of diverse cultures is an inclusive, is on the difference of culture to enjoy. Only a calm view of the coexistence of a more civilized and cultural interaction in the world, seeking common ground can be achieved. “[3] the cultural difference between require mutual communication and mutual communication between the regional culture, absorb nutrition in complementary and common prosperity of the diversity of cultural, continuous development, so as to better provide spiritual support for regional economic and social development and the inexhaustible. In a sense, cultural production and distribution process is a process of cultural exchange and cultural interaction. Assign different regional characteristics of the cultural resources and their cultural products of a particular culture. Culture industrialization process not only to promote the economic and social development, and sales with the help of cultural products, make a kind of cultural attitudes and values in the subtle cultural consumption, get a more broad, more effective communication. Some of the cultural industries in developed countries it is by virtue of its cultural products with a strong position, dissemination of its culture and values. United States film industry not only to win global market, get lucrative business interests, and in the dissemination of United States culture, output United States values played an important role not to be ignored. Therefore, when people through cultural products to understand the different between the different regions of the country, different ethnic and cultural differences when itself consciously or unconsciously for a cultural exchange activities. Through the development of cultural tourism industry, so that each tourist visitor deeply appreciate the unique charm of the local culture, so as to stimulate the tourist products of great interest to the local culture, and through their local cultures and cultural products back to their hometown. It is through such a unique way, between the different regional cultures in collision, communication, interaction and integration.
Second, the current challenges of regional cultural resources advantages to the industrial conversion in China.
In recent years all localities actively explore the characteristics of culture resource industrialization development road of faster development of cultural industries, have started to become a new growth point of economy and significant growth. After all, the practice is still in the exploratory phase of industrialization of China’s regional culture resource, there is this or that require us to overcome and resolve difficulties and problems.
1. regional cultural awareness of the advantages to the industrial transformation of resources is insufficient.
In regional cultural resource advantage and regional cultural industry advantage on conversion issues, top party and Government cadres down to ordinary people, are still a lot of people in inadequate ideological understanding on there and even misunderstandings. A regional culture resource gold mine is watching when the beggar. Most area of China has its own unique set of cultural resources in the region, and some even fukuangqu or cultural resources. This is the unique advantage of culture industry development, but not many people know do not just disregard this advantage’s role in the development of cultural industries. All day defended the cultural resources advantages not to use your head, think of ways to. In fact, the cultural resources advantages are not naturally into industrial and economic advantage. The conversion process requires not only investment, the need for technical and creative. Second, hold cultural resources around to show off. In real life, some local governments go around preaching and even show off their cultural resources advantages, but does not know is exclusive of cultural resources. If we always stress that their cultural resources, instead of taking positive and effective measures to exploitation, is entirely possible with the propaganda continues to increase and offsite development by others, eventually led by local cultural resources advantages into disadvantage. Three blind exploitation of cultural resources. Mention of the cultural resources superiority into question, some people disregard of the existing economic conditions and economic conditions on the ground, in total disregard of managing cultural resources and cultural resources of the non-commercial distinction, on the industrialization or those who cannot or do not have conditions for industrialization of cultural resources are also proposed to indiscriminately to the industrialization development road. In fact, not all culture resources can be developed into cultural products or services. Some concepts of regional culture, part of a religious culture, and historical figures such as, bearing more of value is the value of the value of an image, publicity and education to be brought into direct economic value of cultural products.
However, some local officials in order to maximize the pursuit of the achievement, in culture under the industry promote and stimulate the development boom, the loss should be rational and sober, wanted overnight and culture of detached all things are made based on the market leading products, and at the human, material and financial resources, busy doing some unrealistic planning, blind some difficult to see on the market prospects of the project. Results are often Pyrrhic, both caused large amounts of waste and in varying degrees to the local culture resulted in the destruction of resources, even more serious is greatly dampened the enthusiasm of the people developing the cultural industry.
2. regional advantage transformation of cultural resources advantages to industry is not strong.
Although many parts of our country has a considerable wealth of cultural resources in the region, development of cultural industry comparative advantage is obvious, but for various reasons, regional cultural resources advantages into industrial and economic capacity is not strong. This point in the Central and Western regions appear even more prominent. Exploitation and utilization of cultural resources for the development of cultural industries is underfunded, narrow cultural industry base. Inadequate investment over the years is the bottleneck of restricting the development of local economy, is also a regional cultural resources advantages to the converting industry faces a major problem. Second is the exploitation of cultural resources for the development of cultural industries and creative talent lacks. Human resources are the primary strategic resources in the era of globalization, the achievement of cultural resources advantages to the industry, critical resources advantages into economic advantages and competition. Now has been an upward trend in the number of college graduates, but really understand cultural industries talents not much less creative talent. More serious is the vast majority of college graduates in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, do not like to venture to remote places. Third, cultural industry market mechanism is not perfect. Cultural industries management policies made, cross on management, application management, still exist in some localities belly-worship of the Government, accustomed to planned economy means tubes for culture, culture, cultural industry and cultural undertakings of public welfare business confused, regardless of the integration of government administration with enterprise, Government, regardless, pipe Office still has not been effectively management mechanism of change. Four are generally not high level of industrialization of cultural resources. For now, cultural resource in most parts of industrialization is still in its infancy, some remote areas are still defended the resources wins. Central and Western regions is undoubtedly the cultural resources of fukuangqu in China, especially colorful ethnic cultural resources is enviable. But most of the relatively low level of economic and social development in Central and Western regions, Foundation for the development of modern cultural industry conditions and are not solid enough. If these issues are not resolved in a timely manner, regional cultural industry development in China’s overall strength is difficult substantive improvement.
3. resources in the process of industrialization of regional cultural resource protection inadequate.
In modern production technology, high-tech means, and under conditions of lack of creativity, cultural-resources can only be a rough, simple, low level of development, cultural products thus produced are mostly just primary products with a lower added value. This bound to extremely high market potential cultural resources wasted even buried, and is likely to lose further development opportunities. Meanwhile, also in the process of development of cultural industries more or less short-term behavior of the development of cultural resources, which to varying degrees of damage to cultural resources. Many monuments and relics have been transformed, repackaged, lost monuments, heritage of original appearance; many folk dances, ceremonies, customs, simplicity by vulgarization, lost its charm; under the name of many monuments, heritage in the development of badly damaged, some even devastating destruction. No protection of predatory development, was tantamount to drain the pond to get all the fish kill the goose that lays the golden eggs, eventually will inevitably lead to resource depletion. Plain rich folk, the magic of the unique monuments and only keep the original, to attract more tourists like foreign culture. Nowadays, many places in order to attract tourists, at invested heavily in creating the tourist landscape, cultural resources more and more “pseudo culture” of erosion. “Pseudo culture” spread not only to reduce the level of people’s aesthetic, cultural pursuit of people becoming cheap and superficial, but on real-life culture lost a self maintaining resistance. This is clearly not conducive to the protection of cultural resources. Many new lots of miniature landscape in the city of China theme park, use of modern means of copy, to copy some of the countries of the world famous cultural heritage, concentrated in the Park. The so-called cultural resource development, development is not a true sense of the culture, but for commercial purposes to provide people with a culture of false illusions. This is a “pseudo culture” trend spread. Therefore, the protection of cultural resources is to protect the historical authenticity of culture, guide people to experience the true culture, in a real cultural situation to understand history. This is to enhance people’s culture undoubtedly has an irreplaceable role. To do this, the first is to protect the integrity and authenticity of cultural resources, prevent Philistinism.
Third, the industrialization of regional cultural resources advantages into advantages convert path.
Industrialization is the important way for stronger cultural resources advantages. Only the reform mode of innovative exploitation of cultural resources, establishing and perfecting the mechanism of regional cultural resource industrialization system, cultivation of the birth culture industry of the new State, to achieve regional cultural resources advantages into industrial, economic and development advantages of effective conversion.
1. reform the mode of innovative exploitation of cultural resources.
Is a product of the historical development of cultural resources, assigning with the development needs of the times and the new connotation of the times. Dynamic characteristics of cultural resources exploitation and utilization of historical and cultural resources requires us to also to achieve emancipation, the times, and should firmly grasp the development law for the development of dialectical looked it. In the exploitation of cultural resources in the process of developing the cultural industry, first of all, to have an open eye and innovation consciousness, cannot break the rules, should be good at cultural resource exploitation of cultural resources and innovation organically. Second, to local conditions, specific guidance. Because different regional of location, and geographical, and national, and economic development status and culture traditional, many aspects exists such or as of differences, different national, and different area and with a area of different regional, its culture resources of type and features will vary, therefore, to on culture resources for classification assessment, difference treat; to allows around under local reality exploration most for itself resources type and features of utilization mode, must cannot simple to imitation and form fixed unified of development mode. Finally, integration of local cultural resources, optimization. Competitive advantages in the development of regional culture industry is often initially comes from the comparative advantages of local historical and cultural resources. To scale, grade, on the one hand to package related cultural resources in the region on the other, also to local geographic, biological resources, human resources, information resource bundles to form the comprehensive advantages of industrial development. With the advent of the information age, the whole world into a global village, cultural resources are gradually losing their exclusivity, became a cultural recycling information. In the case of local history and culture of the lack of resources, it can still develop cultural industries. Americans use the Chinese legend of Hua Mulan and the dinosaur egg fossils processing create cartoons the Mulan and the Jurassic Park is a typical example [4]. In short, cultural resources, the development and utilization of regional cultural resources advantages into full play in the process, the Eight Immortals, each innovation culture resources development patterns, enhance the ability and level of development and utilization of cultural resources.
2. mechanism of establishing and perfecting the system of regional cultural resource industrialization.
For effective regional cultural resources, developing cultural industry must break through bottlenecks such as ideas, institutional, financial and human resources, establishing and perfecting the system of regional cultural resource industrialization mechanism. First, to develop and improve the relevant system, policies and regulations. Legal guarantees for foreign exploitation of cultural resources, the successful experience of developing the cultural industry. Using legal means to bind and regulate the exploitation of cultural resources, that is, according to the developments of culture resources development, formulating appropriate policies and regulations, so that gradually took to the track of development of cultural resources. While developing some protection regulations, and policies associated with the culture industry, but most of them are some of the macroeconomic policies or laws and regulations, lack of phased implementation, in line with local realities to specific details of the operation is strong. This quick success in cultural resource exploitation often occur, blind horses, free, disorderly development and other non-normative behavior, not only undermined the cultural ecology, and is not conducive to sustainable development. Second, the optimal exploitation of cultural resources to coordination mechanisms. Development of cultural resources, the development of cultural industries is a variety of factors in one comprehensive, sound and effective coordination mechanisms must be established. For example, coordination between the developer and the local government, national folk cultural inheritance and education coordination, coordination between the input and output between, between the long-term goals and short-term objectives of coordination, coordination between the foreign investment income and the interests of local communities, especially between regional coordination between administrative divisions. Only by establishing and perfecting the various coordination mechanisms, to avoid exploitation of cultural resources effectively identical, and homogenization of lower level competition. Finally, to establish and perfect the mechanism of interaction between development and protection of cultural resources. Despite the cultural resource development largely recyclable, repeated, but the problem also exists to protect. To this end, establish the scientific concept of development and utilization of, and respect for the law of cultural development, correctly handle the relationship between protection and development, in the development of protection in the development, protection, formed both by the protection and development, to protect the good situation. In cultural resource development process, while also stressed “who, who benefits, who protected the development” principle, application development benefits to the resource section on the protection of [World Network papers].
3. cultivation increase a culture industry of the new State.
Cultural industries of the new format is a blend of traditional culture and arts with advanced science and technology factors, the introduction of new management model and institutional, in traditional industries join on the basis of cultural content and technology components of a new mode of production and profitability. As soon as possible in order to achieve the industrialization of regional cultural resource advantage to transform of advantage, must overcome conceptual, institutional, financial and human resources development in areas such as bottlenecks, actively cultivating culture industry of the new State. First, further emancipate the mind, new ideas. Breakthrough “culture taking economic Opera” stereotype, establish a “economic and cultural integration” as development idea, actively use modern science and technology, continually develop cultural industry main business; breakthrough for obsolescence management mode, set up autonomous business, self-financing, self development, self-constraint, forge ahead, dare to think, to try to market competition consciousness, vigorously develop new special cultural property. Second, increased policy support. According to the local situation, selecting the right one or two items of cultural industries with local characteristics, and future, formulate feasible implementation, development planning and related measures, and from land use, project approval, tax relief and other policies to support and focus on breakthrough to institutional “relax” and to nurture and create new policy to promote cultural industry. Third, breaking the formation of long-term cultural management the management pattern of fragmentation, establishing conception of cultural industrial cluster development and actively adopt new technology and means such as the Museum of science and technology, emerging cultural industries such as animation, games, network transmission, extend the chain of cultural industries. The four, strengthen talents support system.
First, to establish a personnel mechanism and innovation. The use of existing cultural and creative talent to overcome the limited qualifications, titles, choose according to the amount of personal qualities, abilities and performance. Second is the establishment and cultivation of innovative talents mechanism. Establishment of production, learning and research in one of cultural and creative talent training base, regularly organized training of cultural industry in China, from which the selection of outstanding backbone to university studies. Three is to establish a mechanism for on-demand mobile and creative talents. Open recruitment, guest conductor, contracted agents, and other forms of employment, from the primary selection, and introduced outside or even abroad, from senior management and management personnel, talent team construction of cascade. Four is the development of cultural and creative talents of incentives, create culture and attract cultural talents of good policy environment. The five, broadening financing channels. To lower the threshold for market access, phasing has been industrialization in State-owned monopoly status enjoyed special protection policies and cultural unit, relaxing restrictions of private capital and foreign capital entering culture industry, truly fair competition among market players. Second, professional services organizations, positively Guide and encourage cultural enterprises through issuing stocks, corporate bonds, and other ways to attract private idle capital entering culture industry in particular, emerging cultural industries. Via direct listing, allow and encourage cultural enterprises and listed companies to set up subsidiaries or acquisitions of listed companies access to capital markets. Third, we must constantly perfect the cultural industry investment and financing service system. Bank loan interest approach can arrange special funds of the Government, supporting emerging cultural industries such as financial institutions involved in animation, creative development, and regulation of various investment to ensure that the formation of capital markets and health development of China’s cultural industry.
References:
[1] the Chinese Chan. Cultural studies [m]. Shanghai: Shanghai literature and Art Publishing House, 2004:229.
[2] Wu Handong. Analysis of cultural diversity, human rights and private rights of sovereignty [j]. Legal research, 2007 (6).
[3] Zhong Shujie. Harmonious development of the dialogue between civilizations and cultures of the world [n]. People’s daily, 2005-12-22.
[4] spent building. Regional resources and the development of cultural industry model innovation [EB/OL]. [2008-01-04].
[5] Tenzin. Development of cultural industry and the development of cultural resources [j]. Truth, 2006 (1)
Filed under religion and philosophy by Students of China on June 26, 2011 at 11:10
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Whether it is eager to realize their own Confucianism, or as unfinished state of modernity, which is required for internal update, fusion, which forms a connection between Confucianism and modernity. Confucianism although old, but its very gaoming and road doctrine of philosophy quality, and will history culture integration to a explained system of ability, and for free and order of conception, are deep with era of vitality; also, modern sexual although is human of fate, but its itself exists of mystery General of Paradox, and on Western Center doctrine of attachments, and tools rational and nihilism of prevailed, are will is its cannot overcome of ills, it also need self beyond. Integration of Confucianism and modernity is the revival of Confucianism and modernity of the new programme.
Modernity is the destiny of mankind. Any national or individual of a reject modernity will be swallowed up by the modern, this global voyage, colonial system until world war that occurred in the last century have been numerous validation. However, every people how to acquire and expand their modernity, how to confirm its own existence and identity in modern civilization, are completely different. Most nationalities can follow the rises in the modern style of the modern spirit to establish itself in Europe, only a minority can challenge this pattern. And those that dared to challenge that no nation has a long cultural tradition, in fact, they challenge the courage precisely from the long-term accumulation of cultural resources, since fundamentally questioned these cultural resources of modern European values. Despite all these challenges without exception as an end in failure, but does not demonstrate that these cultural resources in the arena of modern without them. Only when they run out of confrontation with modernity’s courage and ability, and thus was forced to accept and fusion, assimilation of modern, their value can be highlighted in modernity, can become a part of modernity and remedy, specifications of modernity. In other words, only with the help of modernity, their value can only be creating; Similarly, modernity only accepts them, to obtain the diversity of the existence, and thus of overcoming their own narrow.
Since truncate the stream of Confucius, that “benevolence” breakthrough and next reach the higher authorities, show concern over the fate, spirit of Confucianism has been formed, it explains and specification of Chinese history to become China’s important engine of history. Despite the major change one’s course of action in modern Chinese history, were forcibly incorporated into the narrative of modernity, but does not demonstrate that it has lost the newborn may be. Even from the perspective of internal requirement of Confucianism, which to a certain extent the desire for modernity, eager to achieve self-at the moment. Modernity is far from complete, and is famous for itself is full of Paradox, it also means openness of modernity, modernity also requires its own update, correction, which is consistent with the requirements inherent in Confucianism.
Interpretation of the original spirit of Confucianism and its modern goulian and up, so that it has the vitality of the era, and remedy, norms of modern and even become a programme of modernity, which are eager to modern Confucianism and modernity as unfinished state of common requirements.
Doctrine of Confucian philosophy—, extremely clever and road quality.
In pre-Qin philosophers, Confucius is clear to consolidation of the three generations of history and culture emerged. In fact, culture of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties was not consistent, or even conflicting. However, as a culture with distant history, they have the rationality of the existence. How to organize it to the same explanatory framework, and described the history of three generations with a quality of mind expansion, then is the need for considerable wisdom.
Confucius did. He adopted a very sophisticated interpretation—the doctrine. Specifically, is “to renshili”. Ceremony is week ceremony, this is week public of invention, week public made “to de distribution days”, and “de” implementation to reality in the need a system, including funeral, and offering, and married, and married, and Crown, and shot, behavior specification, extends to political Shang is a political system is etiquette, week metric ceremony make merry essentially is to interpretation fate, and this a making only reign who is King only right to implemented, Confucius natural shall not encroach. But Confucius will fate—de sexual—ceremony Le of expand be kernel type to explained: since God fertility everything, everything will first in to get has God of take pleasure in the welfare of living things, this take pleasure in the welfare of living things is a fertility who on was fertility who of love, and was fertility who similarly also Dang thanks this love, this is filial piety; this love this originated from days, days selfless covered, people also cannot private love, and should implementation Yu home country and world, so-called “himself wishes to vertical stood people, himself wishes to up and up” (Analects · Yung also under); King by has fate and praise world of Huayu, people dang on King loyalty. Confucius said that love to Jen, Jen is obtained from the days of personal nature.
”Benevolence” is a living world and the nature of a living person, which means circle, not preclude operation itself, is the mean that eternal life, meant to create. This eternal life and the creation of what is it? Life for itself what requests? Free! The essence of life is freedom, eternal life and the creation of free, life lost their longing for freedom, is to lose one’s own nature. “Benevolence” is free. But, not all of free are is can exchange of, Confucian of free not God by to of “concept”, not from “outer” of “Supreme indicates”, but “world of heart” on entire universe of awareness, not only people of nature is free, and everything are is free, entire world are is free, are because so, only entire universe is free Shi talent is free of. In other words, the prerequisite for the realization of human freedom is the freedom of the universe, everything free is a free implementation of conditions, so that only one reached the heaven and coherent, attain “and finishing of all things that do not harm, road side and not contrary” (·), people can access your own true freedom, can live up to its mission. Everything in heaven and Earth “ritual”, and so Confucianism’s freedom would be achieved only at the ceremony, it tells us the realization of freedom is in order: there is no order, freedom is nothingness; no “ritual”, “benevolence” is empty. “Benevolence” and “etiquette” is the perfect combination of “golden mean”.
Confucius said, “the doctrine of virtue, to it! The fresh long “(the Analects · Yung). Master said: “the gentleman’s doctrine, the villain against the doctrine. Gentleman’s doctrine, when a gentleman; villain of the doctrine, villain and not feared “(the rites · doctrine). Yes, the doctrine of how far away from us! In the late classical era, Wang excessively strong, they use etiquette as a means of domination, resulting in “etiquette cannibalism” sad situation; but modern liberal, but no restrictions on the use of instrumental rationality, which causes the “outrageous” the dangerous situation. This is the so-called “good thing”.
Itself is sacred in the world, who’s mission is to feel Holy, communicate this sacred, linking human civilization, history of continued access. It means that all sacred, civilization, history will give a high degree of respect, meaning all people seeking compassionate and understanding, rather than simple killing. In the Analects, Confucius for Ninja best reflected the attitude of the mind of the Confucian:
Child street sleepers to Shek Mun. Morning: “Xi Zi? “Zi Lu said:” since Kong Shi. “The saying:” who is known not to be? “(The Analects · Constitution to ask).
A surname of Chu songs by Confucius: “Feng XI Feng XI! He De failure? As it’s useless, but can recover. Shortly afterwards too, shortly afterwards too! This politician is perilous and! “By Confucius, and words. And away from, not words. Long stop, Jie drowning, coupling and tilling, Confucius, make inquiries short for Tianjin make child road here. Long stop, saying: “for whom the practice? “Zi Lu said:” for the probe into Confucius ‘ comments. “:” Is the Lu Kongqiu and? “He” is. “:” Is known to Tianjin. “Q in Jie from drowning. Jie drowning, said: “the child for whom? “The saying:” as Zhong You. “:” Is the foundation of Lu Kongqiu and? ”
Said: “so. “:” Up are also in the world, and who to? And from the designated person is also, not at all from the new world, there isn’t? “Rake and does not stop. Ziluxing to come. Teacher wuran: “birds and animals is not available with the same group, my Fez and while who and the world, and the proper way, Hill is not easy. ”
Zilu after which, the case of Grandfather, Rod load Tiao. Zilu asks: “child teacher? “Grandfather:” like a parasite whose four limbs do not toil, not to know the difference between the five grains, or as a teacher? “Planting its wand and Yun. Zilu arch. Child road, killing the chicken to millet and eaten, see second child here. Tomorrow, the ziluxing to come. Master said: “the hermit. “Make child road back, see. To, the row. Zilu said: “not being nonsense. Section of all ages, not waste; monarch, such as how waste? To clean his body and dalun. Gentleman ‘s, Homestead, his righteousness. Road no known “(the Analects · micron).
Here is not to be discussed differences of Confucian and Taoist thought, but a question of Confucius on their attitude. Chu mad received Quan Deyu, and long stop Jie drowning, and Dutch Tiao Grandfather, are is South of implicit who, in that “ceremony collapse Le bad”, and “road operation has for world crack” of era, they on political very disappointed, advocated retire from the world alone home, and chaste, they for Confucius repeatedly disregard, but they for life significance of pursuit but is let Confucius distinguished, because this pursuit of activities also is a sacred of process, is for noble-minded life of aspire. Confucius did not regard them as their enemy, but with a broad mind and try to understand them, this is the Confucian respect for the sacred heights of. Of course, Confucianism is not just tolerated, when the “outer” threats to the “ren” and “etiquette” when is strongly critical of Confucianism. Mencius said: “Yang Zhu, mozhai statements of surplus world, ink-statements of the world not owned by Dr. Young’s for me, is no monarch; ink’s love, is not the parent.
No monarch no parent, is a beast. “:” Dr Tao of ink, and way of Confucius No. “So he says:” to the Ephesians defence and not at all good? Is a last resort “(the Mencius · Teng Wengong down).
And Confucian spirits can also reflect the attitude of Confucian this attitude.
Confucius said, “religion, by staying away. “If ghosts are people first to feel the sacred Word, Confucius is to pay tribute to the Holy, the rites of says:” his King to ghosts. “Not to admit the existence of real ghosts of Confucius, Confucian, ghosts and there are not important, important is that, ghosts, as found in the sacred road a” road sign “, indicating the direction of people continue to move forward. But when people indulge and ghosts in play time, will use the rational spirit of Confucianism to caution people move on. Xun Zi says:
”Falling star wood-ming, Chinese Dinosaur. He is also HO? He soon also, is the foundation of heaven and Earth, Yin and Yang, of Langerhans to to. “Added:” sacrificial rites for praying for rain in ancient times and the rain, what? He soon also, rain without sacrificial rites for praying for rain in ancient times of Judah “(the Xunzi · theory of days).
As described above, suggests that Confucian “outer” and respect for other beliefs, any pursuit of a noble life, the pursuit of divine activity, the pursuit of lofty significance, sympathetic understanding of Confucianism, in a sense, Confucianist’s role is to link this divine activity. However, such activities cannot be a threat to “Li”, this is the bottom line. In the history of Chinese thought, is the time when Confucian discourse right of ownership in no way for other schools of thought “be ruthless,” not the other schools of thought as “heresy”. In other words, Confucian is to bring it all into the presence of “ritual”. This includes not only the world, all things, and that includes ghosts, “outer”. Ghosts and the “outer” exists in support of people there. Moreover, Confucianism, ghosts and “outer” must also be through, this means that the Confucian must have the boldness to accept all of the sacred, inclusive of all religions.
”Benevolence” and “etiquette” with such “community of rites”, requiring the unification of morality and power, sacred and secular unity, freedom and unity of order.
It is not deliberately established in heaven in the world, but the first to admit that the world itself is paradise; not the morality and power down into two a short wooden stake, but rather considers natural morality and power is one; not into stage and coordinate spatial and temporal mercy, but rather to communicate all of civilization and history. Confucian characteristics they are of the “mean” to sum up, the so-called: “respect virtue and the road of learning, induced the majority of her subtle, extremely sophisticated way doctrine, reviewing the new, wonderful chongli” (the rites · doctrine).
Second, the article is not on the Mission hereby—Confucian era.
Looking back at our age, and a “disintegrating Le bad”, “operation has as a crack in the world” in troubled times. History seems to be returning to the logic of the origin. Capitalism like the proliferation of cancer cells, is about to devour the entire world without restrictions on the use of reason leading to deeper slavery from person to person; lose of everything sacred give all people become “homeless”; consumption and pleasure were depleted by sky and the Earth is in a dirty predicament. Religion, politics and philosophy from the West are lessons of all non-European peoples: to the future of the world there is only one road to go, whatever it is democratic freedoms or despotism. Just as “just under other crowded round of production mode of capitalism, and sacrificed other production, in order to survive” [1] (P67), the democratic freedoms only in crowded round with the other ideologies, and consume other ideologies, to survive, our unique values that exist only to set off other people’s dignity. In our time, freedom and democracy seems to have become an absolute truth. Therefore, in the 20th century is drawing to a close when It is announced that: history has ended. [2]
History, however, do you really only end in this way? Or, rather, will really do end of history? We can only do in Western modern creation myths? No! Now that our ancestors have told us that human nature is “benevolence” is free, why do we not free to create our history, of our time? Of course, requires analysis of Western freedom and freedom of Confucianism. Western of free concept is early, in ancient Greece era on has has of, then is to City State free people of way performance, however, this free is a oppression of free, it means was social must appears class, free to a class was oppression for implementation of conditions, so must has slaves class as free of guarantee, free people on slaves of oppression on like free of concept on earthly Earth of oppression as; and in modern civilization rise yihou, Westerners will this oppression of free promotion to entire world, they in integration European civilization and national of Foundation Shang, again set has they of status, they to world master of image appears in world stage Shang, they into has entire world of “free people”, and other of national only to “slaves” of identity for cheap of sympathy and support. In other words, the Westerners that oppression of freedom extended to the whole world from the Western world, that appeared in the Western world of binary opposition social structure to the whole world into a center—edge means of oppression. This is not true freedom. And Confucian freedom but not completely.
In Confucian there, from no oppression of concept, because no from world yiwai of “command”, no “concept” of oppression; free of nature not creator by provisions of, and is this “creator” itself, people of free of implementation is people consciously of results, once people understand this nature, people on can “and world parameter” and “praise world of Huayu”, implementation “everything and finishing and not phase damage, road parallel and not contrary” of real free. This freedom is open to all civilizations and peoples, as long as the “rude”, can find their own freedom. In China history Shang, Buddhist, and Taoism, and inscribed with, and Islam, and bits of luoyaside taught, and manicheanism are can in Confucian culture in the get legitimate of recognized, and Han yiwai of other national also are was into Chinese among, can said, Confucian culture is a integration culture, it is to communication all of sacred, continued received all of civilization, connection all of national, eventually to let all of exists in “ceremony” among “and and different” of get free. Confucianism believe, different ideas, different genre finally will reach the same goal, the biography says: “: different routes and the different ways in the world, consistently and Bai ponders. ”
Of course, to achieve the freedom of Confucianism is not a simple description of issues from culture and temperament, metaphysics. It also means that a set from the feelings of this religion, metaphysics “developmental” out of the political structure, mode of production, social structure, the world order. In our time, Confucian world survival problem only to resolve its own survival, only solve the dilemma of life of all peoples to solve the quandary of life of the Chinese nation itself.
That is the Confucian cultural symbols of nationalism is not a, not a culture used to resist Western pressure to fight back, but a whole new world.
In this sense, the so-called “Confucian cultural circle” and “Confucian capitalism” was owed to the discretion of, this is only a vassal of Confucianism as a capitalist and complicity, still did not escape the logic of Western discourse. In ancient China, Confucianism established a system of its own set of political, economic and ideological, whether Confucius tells of “Shi”, is also of Meng Zi’s “King”, not just as a Confucian academic schools, but in the presence of a complete social system. Facing today’s world situation, mode of Confucian must have their own political and economic manner, although this is still very difficult.
Although three, week old State, its reform.
In 1840, was a turning point in the history. Western world ship Li gun forced into the logic of the modern civilization of the ancient Chinese, traditional Chinese concepts of the universe, the world model, ideology, political system, economic way full of questions and challenges facing Western civilization, which stretches the pursuit of enlightenment and salvation of the trend of the rise of a century in every direction. However regardless of Wei Yuan’s “learning merits to Yi” proposed, also was Kang Youwei’s making of the cosmos, even now “harmonious world” understanding of it that Chinese people do not fully obey the logic of modern capitalism, did not fully agree with modern political and economic order. More than 2000 years of civilization and history cannot be easily abandoned and forgotten, while supporting this civilization and history of Confucian thought still infiltration in the blood of the Chinese, as the main concept of the Confucian “benevolence” and “etiquette” are still saved in the collective consciousness of the Chinese people, it is the Chinese remain on the world’s unique understanding of inspiration and create their own passwords in the ideal world.
Our era, is a “blend of God, not of party” era, everyone tries to grasp the truth, but the truth is far from growing; people use reason as a tool to seek God as reduction can maximize benefits like witchcraft. Enlightenment towards has it of back, towards has myth, as human control natural forces of enhanced and moral Shang of weakening, civilization into has new of savage, “modern sexual real has transformation for savage” [3] (P56), science of progress beyond has humanity of development, human master was itself cannot control of forces, modern sexual faced it most embarrassing of situation, it itself is towards it of back. It needs to challenge, needs new vigor, so as to stimulate it real as enlightenment, as the humanitarian side. Because rational has value and tools of double identity, on like rational of General of brings globalization of while, more brings nationalism and conservatism, even is individualism, dang it to universality expand of while, unique sexual also immediately covered with, that national and national, and national and national, and personal and personal cannot pass about, it itself has cannot in Western inherent of logic in the expand more noble of order, this only through absorb other culture of way for. Confucian culture should be an alternative solution, pending the update of Confucianism.
Modernity is a first time experience, a linear-time evolution of ideas. Although it probably originated from the Christian doomsday ideas, particularly AO Gu Siting “straight time” concept, but an evolutionary view of time have a great impact. In the theory of evolution, dominated by hijacking was the future now, you become the enemy of the future in the past, time split means the Division of history, the splitting of the world.
Due to modern time holds in Christian doomsday theory, so the relationship is always difficult to reconcile with other civilizations, that Huntington described the future as irreconcilable “conflict of civilizations”. Here, Confucian “pass three unification”
Attitudes still have tremendous value, it hints at how cultural, historical and ideological continued participating through thought, how each nation’s culture, history in a “ritual” narrative, although this “ritual” have completely is not a birthright of the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues as specified in the feudal ethical code “rites”. Rise of modernity has also faced a threat of nihilism, even modern is synonymous with nihilism, as a capitalist modernity, its essence is the desire of being capital advance, overdraft, which is behind the desire of the endless emptiness. In Qian modern social, most national overcome nihilism of approach are is religious, in nothingness of behind arrangements has a God, by God will nothingness resolve, and Dang modern sexual rise Hou, “God died has”, religious was understanding for human self consciousness of projection and stand oppression of opium, even is servility of origin, human fantasy itself of rational, and practice and will of can for own arrangements exists of value. However, this is destined to be impossible, far from having the ability to control their own destiny of mankind. And Confucianism that do not establish significance of morality by religion, but their own system of approach seems to be a significant way, it is not only effective way to avoid the extreme individualism, also at the same time avoid the threat of losing after religious nihilism. Nihilism is probably the greatest threats facing humanity in the future, effectively overcoming nihilism has to be the positive development of Confucianism.
”Weeks old State, its reform” (the book · great · Wen Wang, also found in the rites · universities), more than 2000 years ago the Confucian thought of freedom and order, should be pointed out that a way out of our time.
References:
[1] Chen Yangu · from dependency theory to global system [a] · RAM editor-in-Chief · trend: Chinese “new left” and its effects [c] · Beijing: Chinese social sciences publishing house, 2003 · [2] Fukuyama · the end of history and the last man [m] · Huang Shengqiang, translation · Beijing: Chinese social sciences publishing house, 2003 · [3] Baker · antidote: the body is not responsible for [a] · Liu Xiaofeng · introduction to modern social theory of [c] · Shanghai: Sumerian, 1998 ·
Filed under people in world history by Students of China on June 15, 2011 at 12:19
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Cultural industry has now become the national pillars of industry, is the symbol of the country’s soft power. How in the new situation, the effective revitalization of the cultural industries, solve the problems in the development of cultural industry, to enhance the competitiveness of cultural products and services, is China’s major tasks facing the current. This article tries to point out that China’s comparative advantage and problems in the development of cultural industry, enhance the competitiveness of Chinese cultural industry strategy for research and analysis, propose countermeasures for global and long-term.
2009 through the revitalization of the cultural industries of the State Council of planning, national strategy for cultural industry development in China will rise to height. Cultural industries gradually become pillar industry of the country, is also a symbol of the country’s soft power. In the context of economic globalization, huge economic potential of cultural industries, for many countries recognized, its momentum as the rise of a new form of economy more strong, in the context of the global cultural industry international competition looming, in the current competition, developed countries are in a dominant position. Fledgling Chinese cultural industry, cultural industry development in a vulnerable position, cultural resources and cultural market advantages are not yet translated into competitive advantage of cultural products, cultural services and cultural industries, cultural products and services in domestic and international cultural market in the gap with the developed countries have a larger share of possession. In the opportunities and challenges under the historical conditions, how to enhance the competitiveness of China’s cultural industry, so as to enhance China’s comprehensive national strength, is one of the current urgent issues. This article attempts to analysis of comparative advantages and existing problems of China’s cultural industry development, enhance the competitiveness of Chinese cultural industry strategy proposed a global and long-term countermeasures.
First, the comparative advantages and existing problems of cultural industry development in China.
Economic globalization promote culture industry of development, while also makes in China culture industry faced more fierce of international market competition, and culture industry competitiveness level high of national area compared, in China of culture industry both exists relative advantage, and exists gap, awareness these relative advantage and disadvantage, timely, and suitable potential of play advantage, cover gap, for upgrade in China culture industry in international market in the of competitiveness has important of role.
(A) comparative advantages of China’s cultural industry in the area of supply and there is a problem.
1. factor analysis.
China is one of the four great ancient civilizations of mankind, has a long history and splendid civilization of 5,000 years, cultural landscape and the natural landscape remains extremely rich. First, historical and cultural resources and ethnic forms constitute a cultural treasure. China’s “number of the world cultural and natural heritage” among the best in the world; rich cultural resources, China’s development of cultural resource-intensive cultural industry have a comparative advantage, but also for the development of knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive cultural industry in China has laid a solid foundation. Although in China culture resources endowment unique, but on these resources of protection and management is far with does not Shang, on these resources many no for effective of excavation and planning, supporting of Foundation facilities construction backward, exists with resources idle, and waste even was damage of problem; second, rich of low cost labor is in China labor resources elements by has of relative advantage, culture industry chain in the of labor-intensive industry and value chain in the of labor inputs proportion larger of links more can get this comparison advantage. Such as the books issued in the publishing industry and wholesale and retail industry, replication and distribution in the audiovisual industry circulation value chain links, etc.
2. the level of analysis.
Cultural industries are mostly belong to the knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive industries. Here the so-called technology contains two levels, is a traditional culture technology; second, modern science and technology, especially information technology, digital technology and network technology. With relatively high skill of traditional culture in China, many original achievements, such as Chinese Kung Fu, Chinese calligraphy and painting, dance, etc. But for purposes of development and application of modern technology, there is a large gap in our country, how to introduce and independently developed in the future, more associated with the cultural industries of digital technology and information technology, network technology, is impeding the development of cultural industry issues to be solved urgently.
3. the analysis of cultural products.
National characteristics of China rich and rich cultural resources and cultural background of producing culture with Chinese culture characteristic of the products and services, has certain comparative advantages in the international market. Because of its scarcity and personalized, very strong competitiveness in the market. But development was sporadic products and services, does not form an effective development, not national characteristics for such planning and establishing the distinctive packaging and positioning, lack of system management and promotion, more developed markets on a large scale effects, to really “peoples of the world” has to be time.
(B) the comparative advantages of China’s cultural industry in terms of demand and there is a problem.
1. the scale of needs analysis.
In China population base large, on Culture products of demand total relative is large, but because in China economic development does not balance, urban and rural differences, and area differences and rich and gap significantly, culture consumption level still limited; while, in China culture industry in shaping and boot consumer of consumption demand aspects obvious to backward Yu abroad competition opponent, makes domestic culture market high-end consumption groups large loss, became abroad culture products of follow who. Also on the international market, although there are a lot of cultural products in China to market potential, but how will this potential needs into reality needs scale, currently on the strategy and promote the application of or unsatisfactory.
2. demand preference analysis.
One is the use of demand preference similarity; Chinese culture has a long history and very far-reaching impact on the surrounding countries and regions, so that our cultural products and services in these countries and regions are more vulnerable to being accepted and understood, can reflect the promotion of comparative advantage. But from now on the competitive situation, with Japan and Korea than in China’s comparative advantages have not been brought into full play.
Second is using different of demand preference; Chinese culture and is Western culture compared, has significantly of differences sexual and scarce sexual, mystery and rich charm of Chinese culture resources on different culture background of people has is of attractive, fired out they on China Culture products of consumption demand, makes its produced on China Culture products of demand preference; but for in China unique of culture products characteristics, how effective carried out promotion and operating, in concept and operation level Shang also exists many insufficient, has is large of upgrade space.
Second, enhance the international competitiveness of China’s cultural industry recommendations.
In view of the above analysis, the author from the five aspects of countermeasures of promoting China’s cultural industry competitiveness and suggestions made, in the use of these dimensions of policy must be integrated in the operation, complement each other, perfect together.
1. at Government level. The Government should do something in the following: (1) increase tax support, to develop international business culture of the implementation of preferential tax policies, and (2) increase the enterprise independent innovation support and investment in research and development, support research and development of new products, new technologies in the field of culture. Support first choice with independent intellectual property rights, high level of product quality of cultural equipment and products. (3) improve the legal system. Perfecting the system of intellectual property and other related laws, at the same time focusing on and practice of the international legal system.
2. market level. (1) market implementation of scale operation, integration and vertical integration of the group can be used to obtain comprehensive benefits to achieve the expansion and (2) identity building of cultural products and services. Analysis of cultural values and social values of the international audience, the use of “experience”, “enjoy”, “attract attention” policy, guidance and nurture audiences on the cultural identity of the products and services in China. (3) of industrial culture. Cultural industrialization and industrial culture proper practice, art of cultural connotation of injection to other industries in the goods or services, to improve the industrial added value of the goods or services, and secondly also through this information product or service delivery culture, thereby indirectly improving the cultural influence and competitiveness in the international market.
3. talents cultivation level. Of creating strong cultural industries talents channels. On one hand, to cultivate cultural industries talents in colleges and universities into full play the main role, and increase the cultivation of talents in the cultural industries. The other hand, the cultural sector can also be implemented jointly by universities, research institutions at home and abroad focused cultural industry forum short-term training, study, etc, current cultural marketing planning, quality of production and management personnel. Training goal should be both broad humanistic perspective and profound industrial planning, management of compound talents of the idea.
4. the technical level. Culture enterprise to focus on used high-tech results, increased culture products technology added value, to to improve culture products of core technology for focus, development group technology content high, and market prospects good, and competition ability strong, and can formation industry scale of culture products and service project, by information products processing play culture resources advantage, development culture industry social service of new area, expand culture industry development of space, ensure culture industry to in new of technology platform Shang keep more strong of competitiveness.
5. funding levels. Pluralistic investment and financing system, resolving cultural industry cash-strapped situation. At present, through investment holding, financial credit, capital and financing, the establishment of development funds, and other means to form a pluralistic investment and financing patterns for cultural industry development. In the area of investment, relax the market access, encourages non-State-owned enterprises, individuals and foreign funding cultural industries, form a combination of Government and community input, form the multi-channel input mechanism.
In short the development of cultural industry needs joint efforts at all levels, implementation of comprehensive strategies that can effectively enhance the competitiveness of China’s cultural industry in the future on the international market of greater economic and social benefits.
References:
[1] David? Hesimengdefu, Zhang Feina translation. Cultural industries. The Chinese people’s University Press, 2007.
[2] Jonathan? Friedman, Zhou Xian, Xu Jun translation. Cultural identity and the process of globalization. Business press, 2003.
[3] Hu Qing. Analysis on cultural industry development strategy in developed countries Economist, 2009,11.