Folk culture as a region’s most distinctive culture, tourism culture is one of the important part of the folk cultural tourism development area, make folk-custom culture high-quality goods, will promote folk tourism, the development of the tourism industry. This paper discusses the connotation of the folk culture, folk culture in the value of tourism, and finally the development of folk culture tourism puts forward several Suggestions.

Folk culture is a kind of culture tourism resources, folk culture is a basic human culture, this is the long-term decline digestion and absorption of all human cultural factors in the process, is constantly being filtering, screening and precipitation, and condenses in people’s mental institutions of deep culture.

Folk culture in the modern tourism resources plays irreplaceable position.

A, folk culture and folk cultural tourism means.

Folk culture, is produced and inheritance in private, generation of cultural matters attacks, is in the common people’s (relative to the official) in the process of production and life by the formation of the series of material and spirit of the cultural phenomenon. And the folk custom culture tourism is to show people to view and admire, understand, taste, participation in local conditions and customs for the main purpose of the tour. The folk custom is intangible cultural resources, in the value of modern tourism are increasingly show come out, folk cultural tourism has become the most attractive tourist attractions.

Second, folk culture in the value of tourism.

1. The folk-custom culture is an important tourism resources.

China is a multi-ethnic country, 56 ethnic groups work together to create the motherland a long history and splendid culture. The han nationality and ethnic minorities clothing diet, weddings, entertain guest etiquette, amusement, the national technology, festival architectural form and so on, all have distinguishing feature each, formed our country rich and colorful folk cultural landscape. The folk culture phenomenon, with its rich content, strong local color, distinctive national features, attracting a large number of tourists at home and abroad, to form a our country folk tourism development the abundant resources, has the extremely high value for tourism.

The domestic one sampling survey indicates that the American tourists in China in the main goal is to appreciate the sites of interest accounted for 26%, and for the Chinese way of life, local conditions and customs of the most interested in is 56.7%. Current, no matter the developed countries and developing countries, folk tourism are already vigorous development.

2. Folk culture to meet the various needs of the tourists.

(1) to meet the folk culture of aesthetic demand. Our country all kinds of civil building, the folk dress, folk handicrafts reveal natural beauty of simplicity, high aesthetic value. The development of folk tourism, provide experience for tourists folk aesthetic culture of the good opportunity, often the tourists to access a memorable aesthetic feeling.

(2) to meet the folk culture of entertainment demand. Our country many folk activities, such as the Mongolian festival, zhuang and miao will march of the festival festival, lusheng dance, and so on, all has the strong entertainment properties. In tourism activities, for these unique traditional folk-custom activity, can well meet the tourists in the tourism activities for entertainment, the psychological demand for music.

(3) folk culture can satisfy the tourists spiritual needs. As a kind of folk culture from generation to generation, maintain the social stability and continuity, sustaining the national members of the national emotion. Through the participation, experience the folk tourism activities, for the domestic tourists, it may further understand the great motherland of different ethnic, regional are presented of the customs of different characteristics, feel a long history of the Chinese cultural view, visit subtly activities by vivid patriotism education.

Three, our country currently folk cultural tourism of the status quo.

Folk cultural change in the status quo is: surface changes rapidly, deep concept although change is slow, but many traditions are facing the fate of being broken. Traditional folk culture changes or change or disappear, this is the development of folk custom is a normal trend, and, in some folk cultural changes in the process, we really feel the charm of modernization. But no matter the material plane or a concept level, the folk culture change and some negative effect.

1. The traditional cultural value erosion.

In folk cultural changes, there is a special needs our attention phenomenon, that is the loss of traditional cultural value, it includes intangible cultural loss and tangible cultural loss this two respects. In intangible aspects mainly displays in as western Christmas, April fool’s day, valentine’s day, father’s day, mother’s day into our daily life, many of our young people like all these western festival, but for our traditional festivals such as Dragon Boat Festival and the double ninth festival more and more cold, etc. In the visible aspects mainly displays in our tradition of folk culture activities gradually reduce, some even disappeared. The traditional activities some needs a professional personnel, and now many young people all these activities to lack of interest, more won’t participate, that would give these activities lack of an obvious successor.

2. Folk cultural tourism development insufficiency.

Although China’s folk tourism development of achieved good effect, we adopt “people and folk custom villages, field folk custom villages, folk museum, festival activities way of national ecological museum, folk custom, subject tourism” folk tourism development model, folk tourism healthy and steady development. But in the process of development and there are a lot of problems is not optimistic, and the specific in four aspects:

One is not enough protection, protection way not perfect. To protect the folk culture in the legislation is insufficient, makes the folk culture “lawless”, no training good folk culture successor, make folk-custom culture face “lack of an obvious successor” awkward state, most of the protection measures according to have “hysteresis”, that is, the folk culture after damage to take protective measures.

2 it is the folk culture as “a cash cow”. Take “culture DaTai, economic act in an opera” the development mode of folk culture and economic construction, the relationship between more and more close, have the folk culture of commercialized trend. This development model in a certain extent do more harm than good, as 冯骥才 said “continue to take DaTai culture, economic act in an opera, dangers may be in 10 years before it saw”.

Three is folk culture development forge, destruction, assimilation serious. In order to attract the passenger, create more economic value, some local constantly imitate classic folk culture creating culture, some local blindly pursuing economic benefits and social benefit and ignore ecological benefit, some local actually show some low culture.

Four is vulgar culture YiDu not completely, the dross when essence, even with the feudal superstition, damage area folk culture image, the impact of socialist spiritual civilization construction.

Four, folk cultural tourism development strategy.

1. Fully explore folk culture, improve the grade of the folk tourist products.

Fully explore folk culture, is the use of investigation and evidence collection methods, and orderly development of the folk tourism spots or investigation of their component parts, in order to know a lot is beneficial to the development of the first data, from the point of view of comprehensive understanding of the folk culture development. According to the demand of people improve product entertaining and participation, prominent national characteristics, change a single ethnic village cabaret situation, from religious, social, economic, competitive carnival of folk reasonable, comprehensive development, give the folk tourist products deeper connotation to improve its quality.

2. Rich folk cultural tourism form and connotation.

The existing way to visit more facilities, folk display as folk. Guilin lijiang river such as the national park, LiuSanJie landscape garden belongs to with static visit primarily projects. This kind of villages have important aesthetic value and academic value, can make the tourists eye-opening and knowledge, and effectively protect the integrity of the traditional culture, to avoid the damage people. But along with the further development of modern tourism, pure scenic tour has far cannot completely meet in new’s mentality for tourists. So the dynamic, participation to visit the way more and more get the welcome of people. Through this type of visit allows visitors the way to personal feel local amorous feelings, out of the common road activities get in the body and mind fully joy and influence, and greatly improve the interest and participation of the visit.

3. Taking protective measures to prevent folk cultural assimilation.

To make folk-custom culture is the impact of foreign cultures and desalination, tourism, tourists from residents to two party taking protective measures: education and guide consciously protection and inheritance tourism residents folk culture. First, the government or the relevant departments to gradually lost some traditional, customs, habits, celebration, holiday, religious ceremony, to excavate and reproduce, make folk-custom culture get complete protection and passed down, and use this as tourism education material used. Second, the government or relevant departments should and tourist residents communication, let them know that the local traditional folk cultural value, and stimulate them to their life culture of pride and cultural consciousness, urge them active to maintain their own folk culture, and not to blindly accept foreign culture to change your life. Finally, the government and related departments can also use administrative or economic means to encourage and support some characteristics of traditional folk custom culture activities, the government can for tourism at the age of festivals offer all kinds of convenience, even can participate in organization and coordination, create the festive atmosphere, make folk-custom culture activities to consolidate and strengthen the inheritance get. Education and guided the tourists to reduce the influence of tourism folk culture.

4. Paying attention to folk custom culture and natural scenery, organic combination of cultural relics.

As a kind of cultural resources of folk customs and a prominent characteristics: will move a sex. In addition to the local folk activities activities, attracting tourists, also can move to a natural style area and other tourist city in performance, communication, so as to achieve a higher social and economic benefits. And natural scenery, organic combination of cultural relics, available now opening of the folk LvYouXian and built into the folk custom villages, folk custom area, folk museum, folk custom form of entertainment city folk stunt driving skills, the folk dance, folk snack, folk batiks, embroidery, weaving handicraft comprehensive development, will be unique folk tourism project introduce famous scenic natural, and domestic and foreign tourism city, as a fixed or mobility project, involved in tourism and cultural relics in the swim, make they promote each other, bring out the best in each other.

5. Intensify publicity folk tourism.

To adhere to the targeted corresponding supply and demand. Many development market demand project, set up the special experts department of the tourist market for effective factors analysis. Through television, radio, Internet and other multimedia to folk customs of publicity and promotion also can use some exhibition and expo on relevant information show to the public.

6. The high grade development and use of folk tourism resources, prevent “vulgar”

Folk tourism development to ensure that has charm of national culture can really be carrying forward and protection, we must put an end to wanton profane and distort tourist resources of folk customs phenomenon. Therefore, the high grade development and utilization of resources of folk customs for chess is key. The high grade development refers to folk tourism in resources development, aiming to correct this area of resource characteristic, combined with the region and surrounding area tourism environment, the unique folk displayed the amorous feelings, development construction folk tourism resources, should be on the local folk resources fully investigation and research, based on this, choose the development direction, to determine the cultural orientation, the best possible dig out the local folk resources potential.

In fact, the folk cultural tourism resources contain rich tourist value, and carry on the protective development, realize the sustainable development of the folk tourism resources, not only can realize its tourism value, also can bring certain social, cultural and economic benefit. Positive development of folk cultural tourism will be the folk tourism development in the future and a new way.

Establishment of ecological system of transfer payments are important ways to solve the regional ecological and effective supply of services, through its financial resources in a particular area by the lateral transfer of economically developed areas to poor areas, ecological beneficiaries and providers on the sharing of the costs and benefits and enjoy reasonable, so as to encourage enthusiasm for ecological environment protection in poor areas, form the benign interaction of ecological compensation and environmental protection. As an important part of ecological compensation mechanism, the implementation of this system to promote the coordinated development of regional economy and ecological environment is undoubtedly helpful.

Good ecological environment are common people living in different areas of production and the life Foundation, how to make a harmonious development between economy and ecological environment in China’s major tasks to be solved in the process of achieving sustainable development must be. As a public product or public service, has significant cross-regional ecological environment, so in the context of a country, it is both a national property, also have a distinct geographical attributes. National of ecological service granted should by central government financial expenditures to solution, and has geographical property of ecological service should by regional within all beneficiaries common bear, this is no questions of, but in specific of financial practice in the, regional ecological service of all benefit area often membership Yu different of administrative divisions, min belonging to different levels of financial, and different regional of government financial and exists huge differences, therefore, coordination processing good regional within ecological and economic of relationship actually to complex was more. In my view, an important way to solve this problem is to establish an effective system of ecological transfer payments. This so-called ecological transfer payment, specifically said to be based on ecological compensation in lateral transfer payments, according to “who benefited and who pays” principle, ecological services benefit from the Government to provide the services of District Government paid a certain amount of money, so that the latter provides basic costs and benefits of ecological services of the peer, so as to encourage its raising the level of eco-efficient supply of products or services. For China, current ecological transfer payment system mainly refers to the economic development of the ecological benefit of assistance to underdeveloped or poor ecological district transfer some funds to promote a financial system of ecological construction and environmental protection.

First, establish realistic basis and theoretical basis of ecological transfer payment system
With the rapid development of China’s sustained economic, public demand has undergone great changes. Economic area, the extensive economic growth mode of local industry expanded rapidly, triggering external negative effects such as environmental pollution and the abuse of natural resources, how to effectively eliminate the negative impact of such negative externalities, become new public demand in China’s economic development. Consumption, China is at the stage of per capita GDP of more than $ 1000, residents living by the transformation of food and clothing to the well-off and the rich-and meet to enjoy like eco-environment, security and development needs of public product or public service, public demand is increasingly important in today’s people consume. These changes require that the Government must strengthen its function of public environment, increased input into the environmental pollution control and ecological and environmental protection to meet public demand for economic agents on the ecological environment in the region.
However for local government, environmental protection and local economic interests like fish and bear’s paw, though not not have both, but not conflict each other. A basic principle of the effective allocation of resources is the cost and benefits of the peer, only when the product of the marginal benefit equals marginal cost, the supply of the product is efficient. Ecological environment of such public goods has significant benefits of spillover, the benefit is often across the range between the districts of, ecological environment and provides the benefits of overflow to those who do not share the cost of other areas, that is, benefits of ecological services to society than to the benefit of this area is much more. Under market economy conditions, local governments, as representatives of interest groups of stakeholders in the region, it only takes into account the interests of local residents, benefit overflowing of local public goods or services in a cost-benefit comparisons, benefit and cost calculation of the area only, spillover to other areas of interest are not taken into account. Therefore, without the corresponding compensation cases, local governments are in accordance with marginal utility and marginal cost are equal in this area to determine the conditions of supply, it is willing to provide ecological services will be significantly lower than in the number of social optimal levels of the service, and the related financial activities will also be lower than the scale. From a social point of view, such a level of supply was clearly not in line with resource allocation efficiency requirements.
To improve eco-efficiency of supply of services in the area, you must pass the specific purpose of intergovernmental transfer payment to cover the marginal gap area benefit and marginal social benefit, external effect internalization of ecological services, achieve the effect of stimulating investment. But China’s existing intergovernmental transfer payment system cannot yet do that. Intergovernmental transfer payment system in China has been doing is the transfer of single longitudinal mode, from the perspective of the design intent, formulated by the central authorities the main motive of this system are balanced local financial revenue difference, no provinces involved in the system design of external effect internalization issue. Ecological compensation and certainly will not be considered as well.
Ecological environment this class public products production of typical features is investment large, effective slow, spillover sexual strong, in no any ecological compensation, and lack diversified cast financing channels of situation Xia, local government provides ecological service main by of is financial investment, such, ecological service of supply number and quality, on main depends on local Government of financial level, its results inevitable is: economic developed area local government public environment functions gradually enhanced, and owed developed area is gradually weakened. Some scholars on the 1992-2003 public environment development made by the functions of local government positive analysis between ① this overall situation has been confirmed. Such a trend if allowed to continue, the consequences will be disastrous.
As long as on China of economic geographic status slightly analysis on will found, regardless of is by East, and in the, and Western Division of zone, also is regional between, and basin between, even a area internal, to social provides large ecological service of area and ecological vulnerable and environment sensitive area, basically is poverty area or owed developed area, as Yangtze River, and Yellow River, river of upstream, and Yunnan, and Guizhou, province biological diversity rich of mountain area, and Inner Mongolia and Northwest agricultural Shepherd staggered with and so on, even in economic developed area, also not exception, such as Zhejiang Province of West southern area belonging to backward area, and here precisely is province of water to and the ecological forest concentrated area. Due to various reasons, regional economic development in China is unbalanced, in developed areas and poor areas of horizontal fiscal gap exists between giant, and the expanding trend, compared with affluent areas, poor areas are usually incapable of financing to provide extensive ecological services of own financial resources needed. So, while, economic developed area financial adequate, but “free ride” enjoy poverty area provides of ecological service; on the, poverty area financial difficulties, even bear huge financial deficit, but to for this area yiwai of multiple area provides large of ecological service, both was not to any compensation, and often because responsible was protection water, and ecological forest, and wetland, and biological diversity, environment responsibility and limit has local of economic development, even by provides of ecological service future can produced is good of statistics, because environment statistics of lag, often is difficult to in short-term within effective, poverty area as ecological environment provides who will had to “hungry was belly respiratory fresh air”. In this case, was a luxury for poor areas, the ecological environment, representing the interests of the area by the local Government to do the “rational” choice is naturally give priority to meet lower demand of local residents, economic ② selected desert environment, even to the so-called economic development, at the cost of environment, the predatory exploitation of natural resources. Eventually, both developed areas and in the poor areas, in adjacent areas, or on the same river, downstream of which had to bear a common environmental disaster.
The next 15 years, is the overall construction of well-off society in an important period in China, with the constant advance of industrialization and urbanization in China, resource and environmental constraints on economic development will further increase, to avoid the growing tragedy resulting from the lack of compensation mechanism of ecological environment, accelerate the research and establishment of ecological system of transfer payments is already without delay.
So-called ecological transfer payment system should be based on ecological compensation in lateral transfer payment system, developed regions of the core of which is through transfer to underdeveloped or poor areas of a part of the Treasury, in regional or basin close ecological relationship established ecosystem service market exchange relationships, so that external effect internalization of ecological services, to improve the efficiency of resource allocation. Is stressed transverse transfer paid, is not said to currently of longitudinal transfer way cannot implementation ecological compensation, fact, “converting also forest”, and “converting also grass”, and “natural forest protection engineering”, are is central financial through longitudinal transfer carried out of ecological compensation, but these is to project construction way on specific area of special expenditures, no formation institutionalized, compensation of cover range also is limited, from actual effect see, also exists many not reasonable of Department, as compensation amount insufficient, time had short and so on. Existing longitudinal transfer system will mainly aim at balancing on the regional differences in revenues, embodies are equitable distribution function, for regulation goals such as efficiency and optimize the allocation of resources is rarely taken into account. Even from balance local financial payments of angle to considerations, its role also very limited, although in recent years Central for transfer paid of funds volume gradually increased, but total still partial small, cannot fundamental change local financial especially poverty area financial difficulties of situation, more mention, Central transfer paid of scale is by year central budget implementation situation decided of, randomness large, amount not determine, and funds paid to until second years handling accounts Shi only implemented, meet can’t construction and protection ecological environment of is period demand. Thus, for horizontal coordination among regional issues, longitudinal transfer payment system can only address a small number, intensity and range are very limited. And from theoretical analysis as well as the real needs, to lateral transfer payment to coordinate those close ecological relationship between the adjacent upstream and downstream areas within a region or watershed of conflicts of interest like a more direct and more effective.

Second, the basic ideas for establishing ecological transfer payment system
Now for how to establish a lateral transfer payment based on ecological compensation system, both from abroad and the country’s financial transfer payment in practice are struggling to find a ready answer. This item system of core is solution ecological service area between benefit spillover and led of low efficiency supply problem, but on Government between transfer paid system for international comparison zhihou found, used specifically of, and specification of measures to implementation external effect inherent of of national rarely, although some national in some special project funding in the involves has adjustment State (province) inter-between benefit spillover problem, can specific operation method, and content but comparison vague. For lateral transfers of specialized research rarely, some scholars in the analysis of the Central Finance vertical transfer payment in China on the basis of flawed, proposed the establishment of lateral transfer modes as complementary vision. In their view, “lateral transfer is paid by the rich direct transfers to poor regions. That is, through lateral transfers changed areas vested interest patterns to achieve regional balance in the level of service to the public. “③, but only gives a simple definition of lateral transfers, no deep discussion on the theory and system design for this, as for the lateral transfer of practice is also fundamental in a blank State.
From the perspective of financial practices around the world, solved by lateral transfer payment system on the standardization of peers, only on government financial balance Germany. On the premise of mainly to achieve vertical balance, Germany implemented a unique method of lateral transfer accessible through revenue between States and between the municipalities of horizontal transfer, improving poor state or municipal revenues, reduce revenue disparity between the rich and in poor areas, thus to some extent, play the role of regional financial balance. Its basic approach is to establish the financial balance of the Fund, the Fund comes from three main channels: 1, VAT be part of the State financial one-fourth. 2 supplementary funding, Federal State of poverty. 3, the financial situation better calculated from State provision to the poor financial state of the results of the allocation of funds. State inter-between funds allocated of specific operation method is by factors method of requirements, first seeking out all State of financial ability index (representative revenue) and financial balance index (representative expenditures), then will both do comparison, if a State of financial index is greater than balance index, description financial status good, belonging to pay transverse transfer paid of State, must to financial balance Fund of “large pot” in contributions; if instead, is the State is need accept financial transfer paid funds of State, can from financial balance Fund of “large pot” in get grants.
Germany this State inter-financial balance fund mode of transverse transfer paid system, undoubtedly for we design ecological transfer paid system provides has a article is good of thought, is in economic and ecological relationship close of sibling Government between established area inter-ecological transfer paid Fund, through area Government Zhijian of mutual collaboration, implementation ecological in a a regional within of effective exchange, thus formation ecological service of production and consumption of benign cycle. Of course, from an objective point of view, Germany of lateral transfer payment system and our ideas of lateral transfer system based on ecological compensation are very different. Germany horizontal redistribution of financial resources in order to achieve financial equilibrium of the Interstate, enables residents to enjoy the same standard of living in different districts in order to safeguard social stability. Ecological transfer payment system is mainly to encourage increased enthusiasm for environmental investment in the poor areas and to compensate their loss due to protection of ecological environment development possible opportunity costs. But they all belong to the same level lateral transfers of financial resources between the Government, are operated by the payment of financial funds to poor areas in the developing areas of the region, to resolve the problems in poor areas with insufficient financial resources, therefore, drawing on Germany is more mature, fairly standard lateral transfer operation mode, to operate our ecological transfer payment system should be a viable road. Transfer payment funds to interregional ecological pattern to realization of landscape ecological compensation, on the one hand, conducive to forming long-term incentive mechanism for eco-supply on the other, also to constraints on the beneficiaries of the ecological mechanism of forming, changed in the past to benefit from widespread public consumer “free riding”, helping them establish “who benefited and who pay” positive ecological consumption values. And, in addition to guide Germany financial balance of the Fund’s approach, in our financial practices, nature of a public service pension fund market operation experience can also be used to for reference.
Regional ecological transfer funds provided by the regional eco-environmental benefit in the district, and district financial disbursement of funds to the formation of the Government, allocation of local population ratio should be considered, financial status, total GDP, spills and other factors in determining the basis of ecological benefit. Local governments allocated financial funds deposited into the ecological Fund, and that by this ratio to supplement in a timely manner. Funds paid to embody the “choufeibushou” and the purpose of shared responsibilities. Eco-funds must be used for green projects, including the provision of ecosystem services protection of drinking water, forests, natural wetlands, pollution, ecologically fragile zones of vegetation restoration, returning farmland to forest (grass), returning land to Lake, sand, due to environmental protection and compensation for shutdown or relocation of enterprises, and so on. Suitable for industrialization of green project, should be selected by tender to professional firms for market operation. Eco green project should be the basis of operation and management of the Fund, not to a local government, based on a company or organization, to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the investment.
In the design of the system, to focus on two aspects of construction, a decision-making mechanism, the second is oversight mechanisms. All decisions must be in connection with the Fund’s use of scientific, democratic, and transparent. To set up a regional Fund Management Committee, responsible for the convening of regional areas falling within the relevant government officials, academics and representatives of the local Aboriginal people, on a range of major environmental projects, or projects jointly conducted feasibility and joint review of whether the project meets the conditions for the use of regional ecological Fund. The important responsibilities of the Commission include: hiring qualified intermediary for green projects for environmental impact assessment EIA institutions, open tender for selection of eco-funds the Bank, developed a rigorous Fund, use of, specifications and performance evaluation system, establish a smooth dialogue mechanisms and information system for regional environmental cooperation mechanisms, through open tender to select for green projects for industrial management company, and so on. Supervision, allocated to each fund used to recruit third-party professional body for audit, audit the Fund’s focus on practical uses are consistent with the application uses, how the Fund use efficiency, green project of ecological and social benefits is expected. Strict accountability must be established, in regional ecological transfer payments in the course of the operation of the Fund, which link problem occurs, the who, take what responsibilities, how to punish, performed by the who, who is to oversee, and so on, these provisions must be made clear.

Third, further description and other supporting measures
On the current stage, major ecological transfer payment system is the close ecological relationship of regional (or basin) developed regions to underdeveloped or poor regions of certain financial resources to compensate the latter benefits spill losses arising from provision of ecosystem services and the opportunity cost caused by unequal opportunities for development. But based on the ecological compensation of horizontal transfer payment system, is not denied by the Central Finance vertical transfer of financial resources to realize the important role of ecological compensation, just Division of labour between different operation modes are different. The former is based on regional ecological transfer payment mode of operation of the Fund, compensation for regional ecosystem services, while the latter is the way of special subsidy, to compensate the national property of ecological services, such as cropland of the western part (grass), sand prevention engineering and so on. Of course, if the system of regional eco-funds in the area of ecological protection project of the national, the Central Government should also be paid to ecological Fund compensation of certain financial resources, as maintenance costs.
Ecological transfer paid system is a item new of things, almost no ready-made of experience can through, and it involved different of administrative jurisdiction area, different levels of financial, all local of economic, and ecological environment endowment and large not same, therefore this item system of promotion, not only requirements in in the view level Shang specific regional within of all local government reached consensus, and joint action, also need Central Government in macro level Shang for necessary of coordination and provides supporting of system support.
First, on a macro level, should be used more scientific achievement evaluation and examination system of evaluation and appointment of cadres.
1, used to supplement and amendment to the existing GDP green GDP accounting system.
GDP accounting method does not fully reflect the real economic situation of a country or region, because it failed to incorporate environmental and ecological factors. An adjustment of the Green GDP on GDP index, is the deduction of losses of environmental pollution and to protect environmental resources after the expenditure of GDP. In 2005, Beijing, Liaoning, China trial of green GDP accounting in 10 provinces, on the basis of summing up experiences and lessons, its extension to the country as soon as possible. Implementation of green GDP national accounting system, while some local cadres are in favour of constraint only emphasizes the quality of economic growth, regardless of the number of economic development of the profit-oriented behavior; on the other hand, also contributes to measure the value of natural resources and the environment. On the realization of regional ecological payments for regional fund, calculated from the time the amount of the allocated financial funds to the ecological Fund, there is a clear ecological value measurement based, easy to operate.
2, different types of zones using different performance evaluation criteria.
SEPA in the scientific research sector in recent years, with the completed a national ecological function zoning, on this basis, around the central requirements of economic development and planning with the eco-functional regionalization should be correlated. Since the ecological functions of the different areas of different economic orientation is different, then focus on performance appraisal of local officials should also vary, of course. For those fragile ecological environment, with special ecological function and value of natural and cultural heritage in poverty region, local Government’s main duty is to protect the local key ecological functions, therefore, the evaluation of its achievements should take this as the primary appraisal, economic indicators may be appropriate to be “exempt”.
Second, meso level, the close ecological relationship between certain developed regions of the impoverished areas of the region and to various forms of cooperation on the environment and ecological compensation to improve eco-compensation mechanism.
Ecological transfer payment system mainly funds forms of compensation, in fact, regional environmental cooperation and ecological compensation can also be related to some other form. For example, green technology and educational assistance. Developed areas of money and out of the economy, manpower resources to research and resolve technical problems encountered in the poverty areas in environmental protection, the resulting patent or proprietary technology is available for free use within a certain period in the poor areas. Can also be provided by the developed areas in each targeted a certain number of technical projects to help poor areas develop pollution-free alternative industry or eco-industry. Environmental education, developed area can plan each year to help train a number of environmental protection and technical personnel in poor areas, experts, volunteers and organizations to various forms of environmental education in the poor areas, enhance the environmental awareness of the local residents, helping them acquire environmental knowledge and practical skills. In addition, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other places to implement “offsite development” type development space is also a good method of compensation. A case study of Guangdong, Guangdong Province development zone in Longmen County consolidated planning established a gold dragon, arrangements upstream towns that do not conform to the wellhead ④ feature requires investment projects. This “offsite development” model, provided through the downstream to upstream development space, both to protect the upper reaches of the main ecological features, but also for their economic development, is a very effective and practical way of ecological compensation, very suitable for the regional or basin close ecological relationship between upstream and downstream areas within the application.

First, the traditional composition of living environment
　　Traditional living environment is composed of elements of traditional residential architecture and the surrounding material to create a living environment which, relative to the large scale, high density and floor area ratio, high concentration of residents of urban residential area in modern environments, it has its own unique characteristics and cultural connotation.
　　From the material elements, material living environment, including natural and artificial entities, natural substance of entities including the climate, geography, hydrology, geology, soils, topography, plants, artificial material entities include the mountain paths, planting, heap, stack stone, pool, etc.
　　Traditional residential environment in our country clever, unique in that the use of artificial manipulation, pursuit of realism of the natural landscape, imitating the natural, the reproduction of nature, natural and artificial material entities cleverly United to achieve “is made by a human, winding from the day on” realm.
　　From the community, traditional house in China people can be divided into residential, houses, merchant mansion of scholars until the Palace mansions. Strata, hobbies or faith of life come in all different aesthetic taste, and makes wonder offers the traditional residential environment. Among them, especially is a scholar of housing. Ancient scholars deeply “and mercy in the world, poor immune” nurtured traditional Confucian thought, they may be senior merchant, may also be people of Pouilly, just relative to ordinary guanhuan or the people, their more prominent intellectual identity and cultural achievements. In the evolution of traditional residential architecture in, due to the common people residence subject to economic and technical conditions of strict restriction, Palace sites also need to adhere to the standards, scholars ‘ residence is relatively active, effects on the environment, the classical culture of traditional residence are more profound.
　　　　　　Second, the basic value orientation of traditional classical living environment culture
　　Humanistic spirit of Chinese classical culture famous its implication and rich metaphor, aesthetic philosophy, practices, and contrast with Western culture into fai. Strong sense of humanity, delicate aesthetic experience, twists and turns of the metaphor of manipulation, form the basic value orientation of Chinese classical culture, and this value can be said is initially by traditional living environment.
　　In the traditional architecture of China, houses various types of building structure and image of a prototype. Whether temples, ancestral hall, the Manor, mansion, towns, and its paradigm pattern basically followed the housing, gradually extending through the axis, distinction and rank order. Traditional housing and living environment for traditional culture, artistic creation and cultural life of the people, had a huge impact.
　　1. strong sense of humanity
　　In ancient, people depending residential for “yin and Yang of hub, ethical of rail die”, (Huangdi House by under sequence) residential to days and to, and Yin heyang fit for a for people living life of overall, “people because House stood, House because people was save, people House phase Fu, sense pass world” (Huangdi House by under volume Shang, by leads since zixiajinmen House by under of lost text). Housing of pattern in the implication was a universe of structure, and joined ethics of concept, “parent days mother to brother day sister months” (Brillouin mirror class letter under volume a), makes residential has natural sexual and social of double significance, thus created has a “and world hop its de, and moon hop its Ming, and four seasons hop its rank” of environment (Brillouin mirror class letter under volume 14).
　　Always included in the Chinese classical culture of strong humanistic spirit is fully consistent with both Taoism and Buddhism said that since the Han and Tang dynasties, also is a song, all is satisfied that the nature, society, life as a unified system of formation of the universe. It based on people, means attributed to the person, always caring for people in the spiritual and moral development, concern for human life, that “virtue” value.
　　Traditional living environment for lay classical culture Humanities spirit of importance, in Zhu Wengong essays under volume 14 methyl members Palace will Temple played zhaer under has extremely precise and penetrating of expositions, “for learn of road, MO first Yu poor acting; poor acting of to, will is reading; reading of method, Mo Gui Yu progressive and induced fine; and induced fine of this, is and in Yu Ju King and holding records. “” King records “is in the Chinese classical culture highly accurate portrayal of the human spirit.
　　2. exquisite aesthetic experience
　　A long time, Chinese people for a better living environment for construction is relentless, a silver spoon in her stack of stone water, ordinary people Shi flower seed grass, or propagation or simply, try to House decorate conduct, ancient Chinese for the pursuit of beauty and experience the most vividly expressed in living environment.
　　In traditional living environment in the, people get has most original of intuition experience: in auditory Shang, they intoxicated Yu nature of Teana consonants, as “autumn Yin not bulk cream fly late, left was blight Dutch heard rain” (Tang · Li Shangyin), and “rely color made of firewood outside, Lin Feng heard twilight cicada” (Tang·wangwei), and “around eaves bit as piano built, support pillow secluded Saito heard began odd” (song · Lu you); in Visual Shang, they offered natural of colorful gorgeous, as “MOSS trace Shang-order green, grass color into curtain green” (Tang · Liu Yuxi), and “deep homes Xia curtain people daylight bed, red rose frame Pitt banana” (Tang·Han w result @ ①), and “autumn into forest red Dim, sunlight wear bamboo Chui Linglong” (song · Su shunqin ‘s); in smell Shang, they indulging Yu natural of fresh fragrance, as “space Shadows cross oblique water Qing shallow, dark fragrant floating months evening” (song·Lin birds cannot easily catch), and “Dutch wind sent aroma, bamboo dew drops Qing ring” (Tang · Meng Hao-ran) sth sth All can feel of trivia on the details, they experience the joy of life, find out the nature of sex, are so-called “heard that sound meets fineness of, taken without a ban, the inexhaustible” (Sung · sushi).
　　Innocence of living life, gradually transformed into classical culture’s aesthetic proposition. Confucianism, Taoism and Zen experience, intuition, in poetic experience of aesthetic psychology, classical painting emphasize “nature as teacher, heart source in” literature “in the scene brings back memories, feeling and setting happily blended”, have profound origins and is inseparable from their traditional living environment.
　　3. winding methods of metaphor
　　In a traditional residential environment by buildings, mountains, rocks, water, plant material and careful configuration of the elements, an entertaining concept, two invigorating of human, spiritual pursuit three of sustenance. For example, plant selection, Li Yu to the seafront promenade in the Qing dynasty sent · plant genus of woody, climbing, herbal, Zhong Hui, bamboo wood 69, or elegant, or lucky, most of them have its meaning.
　　Prosperity of ancient Chinese flower and bird painting, not to simply pleasing, have a certain meaning. Song Huang Xiufu in vision and a picture copybook under flower and bird Syria on the in the on the road, “spent of Yu Peony, and Peony, poultry of Yu husband and wife, and Kong Cui, will makes of rich; and pine bamboo Mei Ju, and gull Heron geese duck, will see of secluded busy, as crane vertical imposing, hawks and Falcons of hit beats, Willow Indus of pick out soothing Jolly, Joe pine ancient cedar of aged cold upright, exhibition Zhang Yutu painted, has to rise satisfactory who, rate can WINS creator and moved spirit reverie, if boarding tour property of everything you have missed also. “Therefore, Tong, a former home configuration after ink paint, grass, Hill a stone, all the twists and turns, vaguely reflecting the author’s aesthetic taste and temperament and conduct.
　　　　　　The three manifestations of the living environment is the classical, traditional and cultural content
　　Achievement of Chinese classical culture Panchen on literature, painting and other arts. Literature in the different historical stages of different achievements, but traditional living environment as an important element of the classical literature, but no change. Painting flower and bird painting, landscape painting, play a vital role in the history of Chinese painting, their development is longstanding, and traditional living environment are inextricably linked. Painting before start to figure painting, landscape painting, because plants and pests of fish are the most common objects of everyday life. Landscape painting appeared before the warring States period, eutrophication in the Eastern Jin dynasty, established in Northern and Southern dynasties, flourishing in the Sui and Tang, although focus on mountains and natural paints, but there is also a mountain environment.
　　Classical culture on traditional living environment of performance, can analysis for three a level: in basic level Shang, natural of living environment fired artist of creation inspiration, directly became characterizations performance of object; in intermediate level Shang, artist with Yu specific of living environment of tracing, reached integrated reflect social economic, and life customs and the taste grade of purpose; in more high level Shang, artist by Department of life environment with he by made of achievements inseparable, personalized of living environment achievements has artist works of flag and features.
　　1. the natural living environment direct excitation of creative inspiration
　　Liang Xie Wen Xin diao · identified in the interpretation of the relationship between the environment and creative, “mountain pile water-turn, cloud-tree hybrid. Commuting between both, heart and breath. Spring, autumn wind was whispering. Gifts of love to, if. “In his view, the feelings expressed, are gifts of nature; will come, they are naturally reciprocate. Image of face specific sense of the living environment, writers or artists issued sincerely feel about life, nature, which left a well-known, widely famous poems or clever picture of soothing the angry, light diffuse.
　　”The mountains outside the door for painting, flower people chant before the Church sing” (Qing · hemlock Creek while Zhang Yiquan the problem) is a direct manifestation of our living environment, living environment itself is the topic. Poems such as Jin Tao Qian of the vegetable garden: “the ten remaining acres House, thatched cottages among the eight or nine. Ulmus after willow shade canopies, Tao li Luo before the Church.


Heating warm far people village, Yiyi hui in the smoke. “Du Fu in the Tang dynasty, of the Riverside unique looking flower,” yellow four-Qi family flowers full, thousand flowers blossom low layer. Stay play Butterfly dance, free Jiao Ying just crying “, and so on, tranquil and beautiful living environment, full of life. Paintings by Tang Wei the wangchuan Wang ximeng in song, and the thousands of miles of jiangshan tujuan, Duchon of the Atlas of South village Villas in the Ming dynasty, and more.
　　”Sad falling leaves in autumn, flexible in Fong Chun Hei” (Jin·luji of the Wen Fu), is to take an objective description of the living environment to express their subjective feelings of the author. King words are, of course, all words, scenery and lyrical, more zhishuxiongyi reasoning in a melting furnace.
　　As far as creation of living environments in poetry, has an important turn in late Tang dynasty, Hun glory sky which poems on the nature of mountains and rivers of the singing, transferred to the description of human living environment is more delicate. To demonstrate living environment as the main content or involved in the Song dynasty poetry more of our living environment, describe more detailed, this material widely and people in the song poem and poet of hi on trivia micro push its associated culture.
　　2. specific living environment reflect socio-economic, customs and taste quality
　　Apartment as the most important means of subsistence, the most expensive real estate, apparently can become an external symbol of the socio-economic status, people of different strata is naturally on the living environment of cons of hierarchy between rich and poor. In addition, the living environment is true embodiment of the living cultural conservation, and taste the taste, can be described as “his”.
　　Because of this, the traditional literary and artistic works, to spare no effort to portray the hero’s living environment, as a background to express the personality of the characters, thus highlighting the thrust of the work. Literary work in the most typical is the Qing dynasty novel dream of the red, for community map description-everything in the book. Activities of the main characters in the novels are expanded on in the background of the Daguan Garden, book size, location, architecture and landscape of the Park made a comprehensive introduction and key features are depicted, where Yi yuan from Jia Bao-Yu, Xiao Xiang Museum to Lin Daiyu, asarum blumei to Wu-Yuan Xue, scenery and figures each other, complement each other.
　　Is Ming-Qing literary critics praise and extol as the Jin Ping Mei, one of the four odd books, family life as a theme, tracing urban secular modality, showing the broad social reality in the middle of the Ming dynasty. As well as family life, it must write Ximen housing. Considered in the commentary, “read a book, will see its State, such as in the Jin Ping Mei, House gardens and the use of such, are the vertical frame also. “” Cloud wrote in its housing, is a space. To play the lion of Judah first legislative campaign, and one opera. “Description of the living environment as a fiction story and characterization of organic components.
　　In paintings, Zhang Zeduan’s qingming shanghe map, through meticulous depiction of secular life, vividly reveal the Northern Song dynasty Capital of Song Dynasty (Kaifeng) Chengping periods of prosperity, official mansion in the figure, there are tent cottages of Festuca arundinacea, overall showed scenes of people living environment for all sectors and activities.
　　In addition, the illustration on traditional residential environment in classical novels often depict, such as illustrations in the romance of printmaking in the Ming dynasty, Feng Meng-long’s “San Yan” figure, intuitive and detailed presentation of the living environment of the era.
3. the living environment of the individual identifies characteristics of artists
　　Almost all men of letters, its reputation and always works connected together, and the themes of their works and life are inseparable, impact on the living environment in a way and the results determine their artistic achievements.
　　Five Dynasties and Northern Song dynasty painting has two main schools, namely the Southern Tang, West Sichuan Xu (Hee) Wong (Guangzhou runjiah) homologous, for later development of flower and bird painting have a big impact. Guo Ruo-deficiency in Journal of the information of the picture on the “rich WONG, Xu Xi field Plaza. Not only speak of their records, cover also the eyes and ears the acquisition, obtained it from the heart instead of in the hand. “Xu is the” Southern gentleman “, nothing more than to see quack Ting wild flowers, bamboo, water birds, deep fish such as drug or garden vegetable seedlings Wong Guangzhou runjiah young into the Palace painting Academy, is forbidden in the long-term to see strange flower formations, rare birds and animals. Living in a different environment, and life experience is different, charm is also quite different, so material focusing on different, showing artistic styles have also become a.
　　One of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou in the Qing dynasty of Zheng Xie at the Panchiao painting · of bamboo of the genus, “more than a hut in the family the two, kinds of bamboo to the South. Early summer new Huang, lvyin look great, buy a small couch, well-also very cool. Season of autumn and winter, sth Sunny, freeze-fly hit a window on the paper, winter is winter small drums. In a bamboo when confused, not natural pictures! I bamboo, no apprentice, paper Windows, powder wall, sunlight, moon shadow and middle ear. “The song” huzhou school, “said Wen Tong is also a painting of a famous yuezhihuawu painter, his life like bamboo, think” bamboo as me, I like bamboo “. Where he often lived widely planted bamboo and wood, and the residence named “ink the Grand Hall”, “bamboo dock”.
　　Typical of the residential environment where elements on the one hand place of occupants ‘ behavior and conduct, on the other hand, personalized living environment have also become important symbol of men of letters and unique characteristics.
　　　　　　Four, the classical culture of traditional residence culture of the environment
　　Chinese traditional residential and living environment, landscape view, showing a colorful character in the vast territory, but vertical, in the long historical era is characterized by slow evolution of the process. Raised reasons for such replacement, is not a natural geographical factors, increased infiltration of classical culture, focused performance as: traditional cultural philosophy on living environment of innovation as a catalyst, with arts and culture in the era of penetration of the living environment as a whole style of fashion, and professional practice guidelines of the literature on traditional residential environment.
　　1. cultural philosophy in catalytic innovation of traditional residential environment
　　The Wei and Jin dynasties is a major turning point of Chinese culture in ancient philosophy, ethnic, class contradictions are intertwined, war split, social unrest, people incessantly to high official positions and riches to avoid, prevailed on metaphysics, Buddhism, spiritualism combined. Beginning in the six dynasties, of the Confucian scholar-painter not only educated, but also smoked dyeing of the thought of Taoism and Buddhism, their aesthetic ideas, often fusion of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism as a furnace. This climate of thought on the inevitable reaction to the living environment.
　　End of the Northern Wei Dynasty, aristocratic residential back, often built gardens, with Earth piled Hill, mound artificial in the garden, fishing platform, song, flying beams, heavy methane Ko. When the Jin dynasty, scholar-officials touted kuangda Merry, love of nature caused by wild, poly-Rock Springs, planting open Brook, camp House Garden, the pursuit of artistic conception of a relatively simple nature. Xie Ling-yun was one of the more prominent of the Southern dynasties, his career disappointment, instead studying Buddhist, according to the Book of Song · Xie lingyun’s records, moved his nationality kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), “villas in the camp, near the mountain river, secluded residence in the United States, sth, indulgence for entertaining, choose the place for one’s retirement. The wonders of Fu and annotation, to speak of the matter “. Xie lingyun “started Ning Shu” marked the landscape House began in China.
　　Thereafter, the Tang dynasty of Wang Wei’s “wangchuan villas” is a representative of the residential landscape. The middle age, he was due to political changes, and deep Zen, lead a life of semi-semi. In his later years in seclusion in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province southwest of wangchuan 20 villas, landscape poems on purpose. Here is the song Zhiwen’s Villa, according to the records were recorded in the Tang dynasty art biography of Wang Wei, chisun, Hua Zigang, Yi Wu bamboo Museum, willow, dogwood, Pan, Magnolia docking.
　　Another famous Tang dynasty poet BAI Juyi, admiring the landscape of Lushan, cottage in Lushan, author of the thatched cottage in mind. “Three two-column, two-room four-window, vast feng to kill, a fine force. …… Lotte, look up into the mountains, down listening to the fountain, bamboo tree marble Pong look askance, Chen and unitary, overwhelming. In a moment of induced gas, well-inside and outside, and a host of Ning, host heart quiet, so dejected after the three places, I do not know it yet. Sth “Lushan cottage was small, however, influence on later generations of landscape House thought it quite dark.
　　After the Song dynasty, the feudal system bound increasingly strict ideological imprisonment of intellectuals and, scholar born of the wind prevails, good Seiitsu conceal, cultivates on village fields, Jiqing to the landscape. According to the description of Southern Song dynasty painting, the then South with a beautiful natural environment of the construction of residential, is both a residential, funny and gardens. Private gardens in this period as the extension of housing spatial expansion of development has been more mature.
　　Again and again it was that generation after generation, cultural philosophy of catalytic, driving innovative and colorful traditional living environment.
　　2. Times Arts fashion penetration to the living environment of the whole style
　　Housing and living environment as an important part of architectural culture, and contemporary literature, painting, calligraphy, technology, culture and art closely affected, so aesthetic fashion of the times and technological level must reflect to and on the living environment of residential buildings.
　　In the Ming and Qing dynasties on behalf of the cases, arts and crafts in the Qing dynasty more prosperous than the Ming dynasty, brick carving, wood carving, stone carving, and other skills are superb. Ming dynasty is famous for its concise and simple but elegant furniture, furniture in the shape and structure is still in the Qing dynasty inherited the tradition of the Ming dynasty, but the furniture of the Palace and the silver spoon in, modeling a complex, ornate, decorative wood furniture and carving a lot more, this tendency to more prominent in the late Qing dynasty. These are directly or indirectly affect the overall style of the living environment. Real information from existing residential,
High quality of residential buildings, on the whole, residential considerably heavier than House decoration in the Ming dynasty in the Qing dynasty. A case study of Huizhou, Qing dynasty wood carving style of decorated wooden railings complex more slender than the Ming dynasty; Suzhou brick gate tower carved during the reign of Qing only after a significant increase in complex positions such as flowers, figures, dramatic content. This shows that the technology of other categories of style on infiltration of art or the living environment is obvious.
　　3. the practice of traditional living conditions of the professional literature Guide
　　Traditional residential environment in China is both a long-term accumulation, the spontaneous formation of results, there is also a theory related to the guidelines. Judging from past dynasties literature, the theory comes from four aspects:
　　Is a professional book Exposition. Ming Ji Cheng, of the rule of the Park, said although gardening theories, Ming garden, however the vast majority are private gardens, the original is an inalienable part of residential, home and garden as one, to form the complete living environment.
　　Second, it notes, essays and the like. Made to scholars and more, and only is a collection of sections. Some biased Yu historical facts of narrative, as Northern Wei Dr XI à n@ ② of Luoyang Temple remember under, and Western Han dynasty Xin West Beijing Miscellanies under, and in Qing dynasty Dou Li Yangzhou floating restaurant recorded under,; some for specifically expositions, as Ming dynasty Wen zhenheng surplus records under, and in Qing dynasty Li Yu leisure even sent under volume nine room Department, and in Qing dynasty Shen Fu floating life six remember under volume II leisure remember fun,. Works as discussed in them than the first major comprehensive and complete.
　　Three novels, Cifu, etc. Focused on literary performance, on the basis of realistic imagination of exaggeration and fiction reality coexist, is a professional show flexibility and flesh out the theory. Such as the jintaoqian of the Peach-Blossom Spring, the dream of the United Nations, the Jin Ping Mei, and so on.
　　Four had been involved in the theory of painting. Guo XI in the song the linquan induced by high from the point of painting, Hill, stone, water, flowers and trees and scenery are extremely penetrating expositions, which in turn can be regarded as a living environment essentials. Artists also personally designed private garden, hands down one of the four famous gardens of Suzhou Lion forest, that is designed for the great painter in Yuan dynasty Ni Zan.
　　This document addresses the most fragmentation has not formed a complete theoretical system, but their role should not be underestimated. Almost all countries of economic prosperity, social wealth accumulation increased, people would have a lot of money spent in the improvement of the living environment. Some scholars both bureaucratic or merchant status, was substantial, it is possible to put theory into reality. Fan and inevitable in society are scrambling to follow suit, thus promoting the traditional improving the overall quality of our living environment.
　　Interaction of traditional living environment and classical culture, includes numerous and profound content, thinking and exploring on this issue, traditional living environment is mining important way of connotation and value their own culture, is also concerned with effective methods of cultural value pursuit of modern living environment.
The “References”
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