Project construction enterprise is the most basic business unit, is for individual projects object, by the time of the project, quality, safety, civilized construction and cost objectives as the main contents of the production organization management. Project management is the process of decomposition and combined with the unified whole process. The prominent characteristics of project management is the project itself as a group around the project requirement unit, to organize resources, to avoid the resources of idle and waste, “with the least amount of people who do most of the things”. Project management is usually adopt matrix type of organization structure, and can achieve the whole project dynamic management and coordination of the aim of the project and optimization, and can according to different stages of the project life cycle of the specific needs, adjusted the configuration of organization, in order to ensure the efficient work and organization, economic operation. In order to improve the management level and I project cost control ability, as an important part of the information system, the company information management department from the August 2003 chose and China construction science research institute subordinate software company PKPM collaborative development of the Shanghai municipal installation engineering Co., LTD. Project management system, and has now entered the pilot phase project team.
1, project management of the importance of the information
1.1 project management issues
In practical work, we tend to find some construction project has been for some time, but drawing was not complete, in order to avoid causing project extension, so in no budget materials and artificial is already in place and construction, individual projects, or even in the period to make nearly half can get complete drawings. In the long run, will be for the future projects cause immeasurable loss. For this, we make a lot of system and management methods to control project cost, but these rigid rules and regulations in the process of implementing execution dreadful. Now that rely on employee can’t push, so they need a mature system information tools to implement, through the computer to regulate these processes, the purpose is to make the project process more transparent, standardized, scientific, so as to achieve the effective control of the purpose of the project cost.
1.2 cost control is the project management information focus
In the project management of cost control is the biggest problem, the company is the most important and the project department, including the cost of materials in the whole project cost of about 80% in proportion of the material, can make to effective management of project funds operation can be said to be the key. Also, for example: the construction of the project, a lot of commitments in accordance with requirements for artificial settlement, and will “information” as a settlement artificial means, then according to the results of the “settlement” to make the construction project. This “to bring generation” way has been the consumption of project management of a long-standing ills. This is the result of management process, the original management thought seriously reverse the “prior control” peremptory become “afterwards collect”.
Project management software development is the focus of the cost control, basically have the following:
(1) control engineering direct cost: the cost of materials, Labour, machine fee.
(2) strengthen quality management, quality control costs. Quality cost is refers to the project to ensure and improve the quality of products and spending all of the cost, reduce the cost of this part of the same can greatly improve the cost control ability.
(3) the continuous, balanced organization with rhythm, reasonable construction, use of resources, shorten the construction period and cost.
(4) strengthen the project to collect the data, not only can reduce project completion period of the data processing time, and can meet the disputes in time, and to reduce costs. Claim
1.3 to improve the staff management ability, the standard construction system
In many projects, the project manager will find section of employees work, this is not enough consciousness has many aspects of the causes. Including members of the department to project for situation does not understand, led to the work of the project researchers don’t know what to do, so that the recent adds to the power of the project manager workload, at the same time let owner think construction of chaos. Implementation of project management information, is to standardize the project management through the software of each division breakdown, clearly told project implementation personnel should do and what must be done. The whole information of the purpose is to let the company project management concept form a unified mode, and the management method and can be diversified, also can saying is the company in the construction process of enterprise culture. When the company in complete information project management, in the work staff can through the corresponding auxiliary means clearly clear the current work contents and goals. And when projects department all clear the work, the project manager also can have more time to deal with other affairs, as this also can reduce the production cost, improve efficiency, and set up the image of the company management.
2, project management system software
2.1 project management software design development concept
Project management is a complex all-round activity, project management is a main line process and DuoTiao extensions of process. A project operation in addition to materials, personnel management, and a large number of schedule and material, form. These work although do not need too much technology, but also similarly tedious and important. To these work, we set the corresponding working modules, has provided detailed data and all kinds of form. Will the original writing material and form of conformity for the simple one module.
From the development objectives and the concept of the project management perspective, we development project management system is the key to create a effective control of the project cost, regulating the behavior of the personnel management software. Our solution is for management foundation, budget to determine project management authority and work, clear each project work responsibility and authority personnel, and then by all the builder to finish their division a budget to the budget for the project to begin and the budget system running through the system, the foundation of the limited budget (software set mandatory in each project for the initial must have a budget, otherwise can’t), the effective protection of the necessity of the cost of the project will not exceed the budget. Although the budget needs to happen, it can change through various visa to fixed, but single strict conditions limit and data exchange can also clearly stated each the costs of change, and through the called “cost management module of rapid inquires the analysis. Even met mentioned above is also lack of drawings can be clearly management materials and artificial cost, project of every penny remember clearly.
In the Lord, after the completion of the budget after the budget each incoming information directly with the budget exchange data, material of each warehousing and use has a clear record and additional information, any time project materials and artificial cost is clear. Strictly limited information work and budget and requisition of the relationship between the plan, let the requisition of non-budgetary cannot pass, in view of management blocked the overspend the loophole, effectively prevent information due to inefficient management and cause of waste.
Of course, project implementation process will have many uncertain factors and cause plans keep changing. The requirements of the project team from comprehensive pilot and our site knowledge, we design the construction task change single such a component. In clear project management and accountability, can use the content of the budget and make changes to ensure the situation changes, the requisition or artificial call can complete smoothly and will this thing happened to record information. Although this is just a simple small parts, but make the entire system to the design thought for the foundation budget become more flexible and not rigid.
Because of project management system using personnel access and identity authentication unified way logged, regulating the work of personnel, made clear the everyone’s job duties. We will complete the project management process into some part of the corresponding to the corresponding modules, and through the distribution of these work for administrator module Settings certain working controller.
2.2 structure of software and the process
The project management system, is a based on C/S structure of software project management system. It with a separate projects for the operation unit, as long as there is a machine that can bear the host computer can start work, the number of clients not limited, personnel can in any one computer use the system.
After completing the system after installation, we need to carry out project staff and authority of the configuration. This step can be sure project members and their work and inspection, examination and approval all kinds of forms, file permissions. The two layers, namely a layer distribution permissions for project management (general but think is project manager for the whole project) gives it the management content; 2 the project by management personnel in three of the actual project images and other kinds of personnel for the more meticulous work allocation. This distribution is very flexible, and can completely according to actual situation of the project.
Project management system is divided into: cost management, contract management, labor management, project management, materials management, engineering data management, construction budget and schedule, and safety management, quality management, and statistical analysis of 10 main function part. Among them the contract management and labor management, project management, materials management, construction budget for the entire system of main component part of the process. With cost management, engineering data management, progress management, security management, quality management five auxiliary tools module.
Section 2.3.1 for ammeters system mainly management process
(1) the basic information and data entry: this part of the job is all subsequent job premise, set up by the administrator project staff and distribution, then the corresponding privileges in “contract management” part in the project contract, determine the relationship. So that we can establish the system a project of the basic structure and working conditions.
Then through the “construction budget” generation or into a construction in the general budget, “planning management” through the generation unit engineering registration form, registration form to the partial division determined work and will be the subcontract and partial correlation. Set up branch So far we will find, a project before the start of the preparations have completely in the system set.
(2) the supplier management: in the completion of the basic information and budget entry, we should ensure that the project after the suppliers and the subcontractor. First of all, the supplier’s management procedure is as follows:
According to the company to provide qualified suppliers every year of the list of EXCEL file a little to comply with the need to modify the format;
In the “basic information maintain” into these suppliers. During the inspection data to ensure the correct complement and recorded a qualified supplier entry table, and for the project selected cooperation;
In need of temporary cooperation project can be one-time suppliers by filling the “one-time qualified supplier BaoShen table”, after examination and approval also recorded a qualified supplier entry form.
(3) the subcontractor management: according to the company annual qualified subcontractor register sort out the format requirement accord with EXCEL form;
In the “basic information of the subcontractor maintain” import data check and make sure complement and type in “labor management” of the “qualified subcontractor entry form” for choosing project cooperation; and
In the project to the temporary cooperation one-time subcontractor fill in the application form in “disposable” after the examination and approval of the input can also qualified subcontractor entry form.
(4) the material to material and the purchasing: in the project started, we can through the project management system to the management and control of material.
First of all in the division of the partial to choose material on schedule to finish the branch of breakdown, combined with the previous budget data, generating the division of partial respectively on plans to material. And then based on the they contain armor for/b for information, generating a respectively for/b for months to material plan according to this form of summary and generating plan to purchase.
So, we can use the system to purchasing plan the rationality and necessity judgment and control the purchase, to avoid the budget is not clear cause was to purchase, according to demand to finally accounts is not clear, to “fill do. Budget” Process as shown in figure 4:
(5) of the material field management: material management project cost management is the most important part, and material management, the most important part of the management information is undoubtedly. In the system, we will each division breakdown of the budget to import, because of budget material in the Numbers and name often don’t fill in according to the standard format, to produce a material data may appear all sorts of problems, cause the system management, so we need to first confusion of these materials to classification.
In the “basic information maintain” of the “material foundation information” screen, we can see the import material in the previous budget and a national standard material classes, need to all kinds of material in the budget to drag on the can be classified. Our survey found that the builder often in one project access to materials category are not much, and often repeated. But every time but need to fill in in the huge CaiLiaoKu to search for a kind of material. For this we for material design “mnemonic code”, in the process we can be classified by “mnemonic” to specify a kind of material, in the behind of the operation as long as input of the simple mnemonics is immediately assigned corresponding materials, to material management with great help, added to the system and accessibility. So far, the completion of the materials of the maintenance work. (note: classified material, after the completion of the material management inventory amount of material stock can be generated and table right.) And the future of the materials for all need by filling the GRN (a/b) for information, single (valuation/not valuation), output single will be automatically data statistics system to form, strictly grasp the scene the use of material.
From the site of the project master situation, most of the projects in the materials in the management of recipients have many defects. Most is not clear, because of budget information often lack the control, in order to keep the progress of the projects, as long as to bring is feeding, in project completion, often can find spending a lot of unnecessary material costs, plans a requisition of fill again after a statistical proof. And project the builder itself also often because the job is busy, or other all sorts of reasons this job, even aside some of the material is the construction team do single to sign the builder information. From the point of view of management obviously it is questionable, first the builder in the information at the same time not could clearly remember every accumulative total amount of requisition, only on the account in to find, so, the builder every time to use it won’t pay special attention to managing material, information every time anyway, do not have a problem, it doesn’t matter what requisition and reasonable use of material plan. And because the materials in the project may not always make accurate materials for the consolidated accounts, the project manager is difficult to solve problems in after.
Using project management system is one of the main purpose of sending and receiving material, at every time of standardization in the receiving and issue at the same time all records and real-time data collection, in the scope of the use of material, is to do the following the strict control.
First, must be material budget, if not through some can be based information maintain “part” establish corresponding materials to the classification of the material relationship category. And then, according to both parties for the assigned to a different material for incoming material inspection and b for check incoming materials.
Secondly, in the actual use of party b, fill in information of each single respectively, and in these requisition operation at the same time, the number of inventory materials there will be changes. Because of all of this is done in the system, and data has absolute corresponding relation between the budget, any of the audit information unless specially, which otherwise not to requisition the cap on the number of a constraint. And the limit on demand plan and relatively strict control the exact number of construction materials.
Again, for projects department materials management authority is mainly by the department responsible for the materials, the builder may, according to engineering demand a single to information materials information in the system in, all the access is a project from the system administrator of distribution, usually, in the whole material handling process, system to record information every time quantity and usage, as long as the project manager scan summary data, can know is which of the engineering division breakdown out the problems and solve rapidly, and materials also can be in material stock, use several aspects such as more directly know, meet all kinds of problems can easily find the cause of the problem, remind the project manager. For the builder, he asked them to work in advance, there has to be a careful arrangement, can’t have no plan to work, to improve quality, or the same work some needs of material is different, can find out the work to improve, the place for the growth of the builder is very important. Project management system is to help solve the problem, continuously the builder is a found that the problem, look for causes, correcting errors of recycle process.
6: the construction project construction project in project management is an important part of the construction plan, is the main completion and record information. In the generation before construction project, we must have completed the subcontract basic information, the project application form, the shift information registration form. And through the manual fill in construction project, the builder just choose corresponding different divisions disciplines, the shift information, unit engineering, etc. Through the data exchange project management system by budget and program automatically generate construction project. Thus avoiding the data is not clear because of negligence or omission of mistakes, to prevent completed fill again fill in the construction of the commitments the situation appears.
The construction project may be kept and print after generation for required in actual construction, after the completion of construction of the relevant again, open, actual construction are measured as far as possible commitments will fill in and submit the data, which will automatically and budget and material content such as stock exchange data, clearly documented by the actual situation of the project construction.
Regional management process. 2.2.2 system
Above a few part is the project management system of the main management process, the process of the system used in crisscross the contract management, labor management, project management, materials management, engineering data management, construction budget six major parts. They are used in project management at most, the most important part of the mutual between the close relationship between data, is the key of cost control. The other part function as follows:
Cost management, cost management by typing in the individual basic information with project actually occurred after the cost of all kinds of data to describe the form can be clear intuitive situation of the management of the project cost.
Engineering data management: provides all kinds of engineering of the need to use a form, documents and data format, convenient generate these documents and materials.
Safety management: detail records of the safety management in the material and examples for the project safety work, provide the reference and basis.
Quality control: provide plenty of project quality aspects of form, material, file with rich content, for project quality material generation provides great convenience.
Progress management: the part of the function and MS bought similar software. These items commonly used software tools for the work of the staff in related provides great convenience.
2.3 project informationization pilot
Because the project carries on implementation of information are not ripe experience, so in the formal application software, we have before the sakura resort and so on several projects department pilot operation, in actual use of test system availability, find and solve the existing problems. After the trial of the project, to our feedback the operation of the system has adjusted the comfort, including: in the guarantee system characteristics under the premise of constant, streamline some more complex operation; According to the actual need of the construction of the project, in the construction work is added in the system change single; Adjusted the compatibility; To further improve the system folder, can completely meet the need of the actual project construction management.
To sum up, we can say, the project management system is based, combined with the budget computer technology and traditional management system, to be effective cost control and provide the work of the project convenient comprehensive project management system. Take this system, project manager and the company can be very clear know project cost of dynamic, and take this to the project analysis and decision making. Dynamic Clear responsibility personnel can be a very good supervision and restraint project staff work, further strengthen the management. A skilled team used the system can answer project in on what happened most of the work requirements and provide clear actual data, can actually improve project management efficiency and cost control of construction project management level, and achieve the main goal-” spend the least money for the biggest things “. Though there are still some problems in the system itself. Such as: the analytical work on the project and insufficient to the actual conditions of the consideration not fully; Due to the development of some of the finished products used in the system software to bring strong sex, compatibility problems; System operation of comfort and so. But undeniably, on the development of the project management system to carry out the first development train of thought, also has had to project cost effective management ability. In the process of perfect probation period we believe to be able to solve the problems of the system, strengthen the comfort and strong sex, let the full implementation of the system as soon as possible, enhance our company whole project management level.