Nagayoshi integrated development of the region between the two cities for Nagayoshi, Jilin Province, Northeast China or even play an important role. Integrated regional development, industrial integration is the core content. By analyzing the integrated development of industry problems to be solved in the proposed optimization to guide the development of industrial cities Nagayoshi countermeasures.
Changchun, Jilin Province and Jilin is the two large cities, distance 75km, time, distance is only 30 minutes. Cities of the province’s population accounts for 45% of the total economy accounted for more than 60% of the province. Changchun City, Jilin Province, which is the political center, there are areas of economic development advantages; Jilin City is the diversity of resource conditions and strong industrial base.
However, whether or Jilin, Changchun, if the mere volume of the city itself or the overall strength of the economy at home and abroad do not have a distinct advantage. To promote domestic and international long Kyrgyzstan overall strength in the two cities should take full advantage of Changchun, Jilin cities nearby location relationships and geographical linkages rational organization of the two core cities and towns in the area surrounding the division of labor, integration of development .
In fact, Nagayoshi the idea of integration between the two cities a long, long while Kyrgyzstan has long integration between the two cities entered a substantive stage of the operation, but the reason why the long slow process of integration between the two cities Kyrgyzstan, the main reason have a strong regional economy is not competitive. The current challenges facing global competition and the context of regional industrial integration, it is to enhance the regional economy, the only way to improve regional competitiveness. 2010 in “promoting the Jilin provincial government on a number of urbanization with views” document, clearly the first to achieve the goal of integrated long-Ji, Ji announced the integration of long regional development started, to improve the integration of long-Ji the regional economic strength, how to improve the integration of industrial integration has become the core of the study.
First, the industry overview.
Changchun City in 2009 achieved 291.9 billion yuan GDP, an increase of 15%.
Industrial output value of industries above the scale of 440 billion yuan. Automotive, agricultural products processing, the city has developed into a rail passenger car and other pillar industries. Equipment manufacturing (excluding vehicles), optical information, biomedicine, energy and materials industry has shown a new race of development.
Is the civilization of the “Motor City”, “Film City”, “education and culture city” and “City of optical information.” Jilin City in 2009 to achieve GDP 150.01 billion yuan, an increase of 17.7%. Heavy chemical industry in Jilin City Industrial characteristics. With China Petroleum Jilin Petrochemical Company, Jilin Chemical Fiber Group, China Steel Jilin Ferroalloy Plant and a number of high visibility in the domestic and foreign large enterprises. More than 2,000 kinds of main industrial products, chemicals, metallurgy, and agricultural products accounted for three pillar industries of the city’s industry, 70%.
Second, the integrated development of industry the main problems.
Industry trends from recent years, although the industry withstand the Changchun City, “Motor City”, “Film City” and other rings, the heavy chemical industry in Jilin City also has a high reputation at home and abroad, however, both cities Nagayoshi competitiveness in the industry or the overall strength of the downward trend exists. A transition from the mode of development, “three of the co-ordination,” long considered the goals of the industrial cities of Kyrgyzstan there are still many urgent to resolve the key issues are:
Emphasis on the industrial structure, less resource intensive. The secondary industry, in particular the manufacturing industry, chemical industry, grain deep processing, energy, materials and other heavy and chemical industry occupies a very large proportion of energy consumption and pollution pressure. The tertiary industry in the financial industry, high-end services, information, business and exhibition, logistics, service outsourcing and other departments are less developed. Still the traditional kind of primary industry, aquaculture-based, single scale is generally small business is not conducive to intensive use of resources.
Spatial pattern is not yet clear division of labor within the region is not smooth. Long, Ji cities have become important industrial base, but the management system, operating independently, “striving to develop” a system of contradictions still exist, lead to “vicious competition” more than “positive interaction”, industrial structure. Link between industrial development and an important node in shaft is now taking shape, but the overall spatial patterns and functions is not yet clear division of labor within the region is not smooth.
Employment in industry lack of absorptive capacity, restricting “Three co-ordination.” Emphasis on the industrial structure and development of service industry is lagging behind, making the industry’s lack of employment absorption capacity (rate of urban population, units employed and paid at a lower level), industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization is the “contradiction” more than “Co-ordination.” Nagayoshi correlation between the industry is not high, to become integrated development of the “short board.” Industrial integration is the core of the development of regional integration, and Changchun, Jilin convergence of the two urban industrial structure, industry association of technology on the little chain, the integration of internal demand is not obvious. Industrial integration has seriously lagged behind the long, Kyrgyzstan both infrastructure and public services and other areas of integration. As the development of the “shortcomings.”
Third, the long integration of the regional industrial optimization strategy for Kyrgyzstan.
1. To guide the development of regional integration.
First, we must strive to foster a long, Kyrgyzstan association between the two aspects of industrial base, especially its basic economic sectors (automobile industry, petroleum chemical industry) the association between the formation of industrial chain. Secondly, on the basis of a reasonable division of labor, industry, functional area and nurturing the relationship between industrial base to form a “core – periphery” structure, so that integration of the various towns within the region can best use the power of the core of urban development. Finally, nurture the development of different industries shaft, urban industrial symbiotic relationship between the areas to form a close-knit network of industrial chain, the integration of regional industrial development.
2. Industry shift to high-class.
From the first industry point of view, should focus from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Try to land transfer system, expand the single operation, and enhance efficiency of resource use. Promote the development of green agriculture, leisure agriculture, factory farming, agriculture, tourism and other forms of agriculture and contract farming, farmers on the basis of the reduction to improve their income. Using handsome, spring, advised farmers Hill, four, extravagance Ling, regulating the family, mountains and rivers, Taiping, Wanchang, fork River, a la River, found Gordon Station, Tai Sui River based on the province’s agricultural industry better 8 nodes in the town, the development of modern agriculture, focusing on the central node in the fork river, construction of China Singapore (Jilin) food cooperative industrial park to build a world-class agricultural production and export base and agricultural eco-town. Hill advised the construction of agricultural pollution vegetable base, the development of high-end, green, modern agriculture industry, making the supply Nagayoshi two cities “basket.”
From traditional industries to new industrial changes. Increase the technology content, and enhance innovation capacity, so that low resource consumption, little environmental pollution. At the same time, deal with capital and technology-intensive industries and the relationship between labor-intensive industries, high-tech industries and traditional industries, and there are conscious at the same time in promoting the expansion of industrial employment. Specifically, the Changchun Automobile Industrial Development Zone, Jilin City Park as the main carrier of the automobile industry, relying on the FAW and other key enterprises, focusing on the development of vehicle and parts industries, to create automotive industry cluster; to CNPC Jilin Petrochemical as the basis, promote the development of local supporting industry, accelerate the improvement of the oil industry, bio-chemical based, fine chemicals, new chemical materials, chemicals, vehicle matching the characteristics of the chemical industry for the system, build petrochemical industry cluster; based on the culmination of the food, fuel ethanol, King and other leading business days to build a world-class agricultural products processing base; to CNR CNR company as a leader in the Changchun Railway transportation equipment manufacturing industrial park, Jilin wind power nuclear power equipment, industrial park, agricultural machinery industrial park to nine as the carrier, building unique equipment manufacturing base.
Encourage the development of the basis for carrying a lot of employment services, strive to foster financial, insurance, exhibition, creative design, modern logistics, service outsourcing, high-end services, optimization of regional industrial structure. Specifically, relying on long-Ji Expressway, long Intercity High Speed Rail Longjia International Airport and the western part of the modern service industry with the building, focusing on the development of comprehensive Free Trade Zone of Changchun, headquarters economy, aviation services, TOD residential, business logistics and other modern , high-end service industry.
Cultivate new format. Grasp the direction of technology trends and market demand, play within scientific and technological advantages, nurture and develop the potential, high level of technology, market prospects of the “new format.” Recently, focusing on cultivating high-performance fibers (carbon fiber, polylactic acid fibers), bio-chemical (polybasic acid, polyol, biobutanol, biodiesel), flat panel displays, RFID radio frequency tags, solid state lighting and other new formats, so in the future industrial expansion which take the initiative.
3. To guide the development of industrial linkage.
From the “three of the co-ordination” and practice point of view of new industrialization, must be emphasized that the modern service industry, new industries and the linkage between the development of modern agriculture. Modern service industry, in particular the headquarters of the economic, financial, brokerage, design and development, information services, logistics, consulting and other high-end sector to lead the traditional industrial sector into the new-type industrialization, driven transformation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture; to labor-intensive Services to increase urban employment, to undertake the development of new industrialization and the transfer of modern agriculture out of the labor force. To reinforce the development of new industries based on the expansion of modern services for the transformation of traditional agriculture to provide material and technical security. Accelerate the development of modern agriculture zone of urbanization, modern services and new industries to provide a good basis for ecological space and supplies.
4. Actively stimulating employment.
Industrialization, Industrial Structure Employment is the exclusion of residents on the road of industrialization, a problem encountered in the Northeast region, particularly typical. 2020, Nagayoshi integrated regional urban population will reach 6.5 million or so, the urbanization rate of 80% or more. And present urban population of 4.16 million, which means additional 200 million urban population. Therefore, the increase in urban employment through industrial development, and promote the “three of the co-ordination”, it meant so much.
Practical initiatives currently include: relying on regional industrial characteristics, the development of a number of labor-intensive industries. Such as the automotive, rail passenger industry, matching small parts, textile, interior, leather processing. For the petrochemical, grain deep processing industry, supporting the packaging material. Cleaning, security, distribution, domestic and other urban services.
Change the development concept, through government guidance, policy incentives, incremental mining employment in existing industries. Job placement and more companies give a variety of preferential policies, subsidies for new investment in fixed assets from the shift subsidies to new jobs. For food processing, tourism, services, business exhibition and logistics industries with higher employment potential in the development of the concept is coming to the objective of maximizing employment and become a powerful promotion of urbanization “handle.”
In the Shuangyang, Jiutai, Kut and other labor-intensive industries in transition zone of New Town Planning, the preferential policies given to pilot. First, self nurturing labor-intensive industries, and second, to undertake the transfer of industries in coastal areas. Absorb the local transfer of agricultural population, urbanization and agricultural modernization to achieve the overall development.
5. Promote the integration of the regional “two types” industrial system development.
Build a resource-saving and environment-friendly industrial system, reduce the pressure on energy consumption and pollutant emissions. Implementation of the country’s most stringent farmland protection policies to protect and retain ecological land, restricted to expand cities, and actively develop small and medium cities (towns), improving land use efficiency. Increased enforcement of environmental protection, the establishment of regional ecological compensation mechanism, the pilot “carbon rights” and pollutant emissions trading system. Neither strictly scientific and technological content, nor the employment increment, the market outlook is full of risk, high-energy consumption, water consumption, take up a lot of industrial land in the project. Build a circular economy industrial chain, to develop “vein” industry.
6. Guide the integration of regional space co-ordination.
The development of regional integration is the essence of efficiency savings in order to obtain space and to achieve maximum space efficiency, the area to focus on the most efficient allocation of resources so that resources to the fullest flow. Relying on long has been formed between Kyrgyzstan and will continue to strengthen the construction of transport corridors, foster industrial development corridor and shaft; rely on planning and development of the Metro-axis to bring the park, and new towns, etc., cultivation of industrial node; relying on the existing types of Development Zone, the rational allocation of the distinctive characteristics of urban industrial symbiosis area. The formation of industrial base, shaft (gallery), Town industrial symbiosis area, structured, positive interaction and coordinated development of the overall spatial pattern, spatial structure of regional integration in the optimization and space efficiency is maximized.
Fourth, the conclusion Nagayoshi integrated industrial development, is to promote the Industrial Structure, improve independent innovation capacity, cultivate a new format, and to optimize the division of labor within the region, strengthen the industry association, driving employment, industrial development strategy to the development of service industry “Three of the co-ordination” service to change the development mode, so that they become integrated regional industrial integration of sound and fast economic and social development of the core driving force.
References:
[1] Wang Shijun high group: On the Changchun – Jilin City Integrated Development [J]. Economic Geography, 2001,21 (5) :589-599
[2] Xu Quanyong: Industrial Convergence role in promoting regional economic integration [J]. ,2004,10:39-41 produced by the Forum
长吉一体化区域产业一体化发展研究
［摘要］长吉一体化区域的发展对于长吉两市、吉林省、甚或是东北地区都起着重要作用。一体化区域的发展，产业一体化是核心内容。本文通过分析产业一体化发展中亟待解决的问题，提出引导长吉两市产业优化发展的对策。
［关键词］产业一体化，长吉。
长春和吉林是吉林省中部的两座特大城市，空间距离75km,时间距离仅30分钟。两市人口占全省的45%，经济总量占全省的60%以上。其中长春市是吉林省的政治中心，在经济发展上有区位优势；吉林市则具有多样性的资源条件和雄厚的产业基础。
然而无论是长春或吉林，如果仅凭本城市自己的经济总量或综合实力，在国内外都不具备明显的优势。若要提升长吉两市在国内外整体实力，应充分利用长春、吉林两市近在咫尺的区位关系以及地域联系，合理组织两个核心城市以及周边城镇在区域中的分工，实现一体化发展。
实际上，长吉两市一体化发展的想法由来已久，同时长吉两市一体化发展也早已进入实质性的操作阶段，然而之所以长吉两市一体化发展进程较慢，其主要原因在于区域经济不具有强有力的竞争性。而现阶段面临全球化竞争和挑战的大背景下，地区产业一体化程度，则是增强区域经济实力，提高区域竞争力的必由之路。2010年在《省委省政府关于推进吉林特色城镇化的若干意见》文件中，明确提出率先实现长吉一体化的目标，宣告了长吉一体化区域发展的全面启动，为提高长吉一体化地区的区域经济实力，如何提高产业一体化程度就成为一体化研究的核心内容。
一、产业发展概况。
长春市2009年实现地区生产总值2919亿元，同比增长15%。
规模以上工业实现工业产值4400亿元。汽车、农产品加工、轨道客车等已发展成为全市支柱产业。装备制造（不含汽车）、光电信息、生物医药、能源和材料等新型产业呈现出竞相发展态势。
是国内文明的“汽车城”、“电影城”、“科教文化城”和“光电信息城”。吉林市2009年实现地区生产总值1500.1亿元，增长17.7%。重化工业是吉林市工业产业特点。拥有中国石油吉林石化公司、吉林化纤集团、中钢吉林铁合金厂等一批在国内外知名度较高的大企业。主要工业产品2000余种，化工、冶金、农副产品深加工三大支柱产业占全市工业的70%。
二、产业一体化发展存在的主要问题。
从其近些年产业趋势来看，虽然长春市产业顶着“汽车城”、“电影城”等光环，吉林市的重化工业在国内外也拥有较高的知名度，然而长吉两市无论在产业竞争力还是综合实力都存在下降的趋势。从实现转变发展方式、“三化统筹”等目标考虑长吉两市的产业仍然存在着许多亟待解决的关键问题，主要有：
产业结构偏重、资源集约化程度较低。第二产业，特别是其中的制造业、化工产业、粮食深加工、能源、材料等重、化行业占有非常大的比重，能耗和污染压力较大。第三产业中的金融业、高端服务业、信息、商务会展、现代物流、服务外包等部门发育程度较低。第一产业仍以传统的种、养殖业为主，经营单体规模普遍很小，不利于资源的集约利用。
空间格局尚不清晰，区域内部分工不顺畅。长、吉两市已经成为重要的产业基地，但管理体制上各自为政，“竞相发展”的制度性矛盾依然存在，导致“恶性竞争”多于“良性互动”，产业结构趋同。连接两地的产业发展轴带和重要节点已具雏形，但总体空间格局和功能定位尚不清晰，区域内部分工不顺畅。
产业发展的就业吸纳能力不足，制约“三化统筹”。偏重的产业结构以及服务业发展的相对滞后，使得产业发展的就业吸纳能力不足（城镇人口的单位从业率和报酬处于较低水平），工业化、城镇化和农业现代化之间的“矛盾”多于“统筹”。长吉两地的产业关联度不高，成为一体化发展的“短板”。产业一体化是区域一体化发展的核心内容，而长春、吉林两个城市产业结构趋同，产业链条上的技术关联很少，一体化的内在需求不明显。产业一体化已经严重滞后于长、吉两地基础设施、公共服务等领域的一体化。成为发展的“短板”。
三、长吉一体化区域产业优化策略。
1.引导区域一体化发展。
首先，要大力培育长、吉两大产业基地之间的关联环节，特别是其基本经济部门（汽车制造业、石油化学工业）之间的关联，形成产业链条。其次，在合理分工的基础上，培育产业功能区和产业基地之间的关联，形成“核心-外围”结构，让一体化区域内的各个城镇能够最充分地利用核心城市发展的力量。最后，培育不同产业发展轴带、城镇产业共生区之间的关联，形成联系紧密的产业链网络，实现区域产业一体化发展。
2.产业发展向高级化转变。
从第一产业角度来讲，应注重从传统农业向现代农业的转变。尝试耕地流转制度，扩大单体经营规模，提高资源利用效率。倡导发展绿色农业、休闲农业、工厂化农业、特色农业、观光农业和订单农业等多种形式，在减少农民的基础上提高农民收入。利用英俊、泉眼、劝农山、四家、奢岭、齐家、山河、太平、万昌、岔路河、一拉溪、搜登站、大绥河等全省农业产业基础较好的8个节点镇，发展现代农业，重点在岔路河中心节点，建设中国新加坡（吉林）食品合作产业园区，打造世界一流的农产品生产、出口基地和农业生态新城。建设劝农山无公害蔬菜基地，开发高端、绿色都市型现代农业产业，使之成为供应长吉两市的“菜篮子”。
从传统工业向新型工业转变。提高科技含量，增强创新能力，做到资源消耗低、环境污染少。同时，处理好资本技术密集型产业与劳动密集型产业的关系、高新技术产业与传统产业的关系、有意识地在推进工业化的同时扩大就业。具体来讲，以长春市汽车产业开发区和吉林市汽车产业园区为主要载体，依托一汽等重点企业，重点发展整车和零部件产业，打造汽车产业集群；以中油吉林石化为依托，带动发展地方配套化工，加快完善以石油化工、生物化工为基础，以精细化工、化工新材料、汽车配套化学品为特色的化工产业体系，打造石化产业集群；依托大成、中粮、燃料乙醇、天景等龙头企业，建成世界级农产品加工基地；以中国北车集团长客股份公司为龙头，以长春轨道交通装备制造产业园、吉林风电核电装备产业园、九台农机产业园为载体，建设独具特色的装备制造业基地。
鼓励发展承载大量就业的基础服务业，大力培育金融保险、会展、创意设计、现代物流、服务外包等高端服务业，优化区域产业结构。具体来说，依托长吉高速公路、长吉城际高铁西段和龙嘉国际机场构筑的现代服务业产业带，重点发展长春综合保税区、总部经济、航空服务、TOD商住、商贸物流等现代、高端服务行业。
培育新型业态。把握科技发展方向和市场需求变化趋势，发挥域内科技优势，培育发展潜力大、技术水平高、市场前景广阔的“新型业态”。近期，重点培育高性能纤维（碳纤维、聚乳酸纤维）、生物化工（多元酸、多元醇、生物丁醇、生物柴油）、平板显示、RFID射频标签、固态照明光源等新型业态，以便在未来的产业扩张当中占据主动。
3.引导产业联动发展。
从实现“三化统筹”和践行新型工业化的角度，必须强调现代服务业、新型工业和现代农业之间的联动发展。以现代服务业，特别是其中的总部经济、金融、中介、设计研发、信息服务、物流、咨询等高端部门引领传统工业部门步入新型工业化，带动传统农业向现代农业转型；以劳动密集型服务业增加城镇就业，承接新型工业化和发展现代农业所转移出的劳动力。以发展新型工业夯实现代服务业的扩张基础，为传统农业转型提供物质和技术上的保障。以发展现代农业加速区域城镇化进程，为现代服务业和新型工业提供良好的生态空间和基础供应。
4.积极拉动就业。
新型工业化、产业结构高级化排斥居民就业是我国工业化道路上遇到的一个难题，在东北地区特别典型。到2020年，长吉一体化区域城镇人口将达到650万左右，城镇化率达到80%以上。与现状416万城镇人口比较，意味着新增200多万城镇人口。因此，通过产业发展增加城镇就业，推动“三化统筹”，意义格外重大。
当前切实可行的举措有：依托区域产业特色，发展一批劳动密集型产业。如为汽车、轨道客车产业配套的小型零部件、纺织、内饰、皮革加工等。为石化、粮食深加工产业配套的包装材料制造。保洁、安保、配送、家政等都市型服务业。
转变发展理念，通过政府引导、政策激励，挖掘现有产业的就业增量。给与安置就业多的企业以多种优惠政策，从补贴新增固定资产投资转向补贴新增就业岗位。对于食品加工、旅游业、服务业、商务会展和物流等就业潜力较大的行业，在发展理念上就要以就业最大化为目标，成为推动城镇化的有力“抓手”。
在双阳、九台、永吉等转型新城建设劳动密集型产业园区，给与先行先试的优惠政策。一是培育自生的劳动密集型产业，二是承接沿海地区的产业转移。吸纳就地转移的农业人口，实现城镇化和农业现代化的统筹发展。
5.推进一体化区域“两型”产业体系的发展。
构建资源节约型和环境友好型的产业体系，降低能耗和污染物排放的压力。执行国家最严格的保护耕地政策，保护并留住生态用地，有限制地扩张大城市、积极发展中小城市（镇），提高土地利用效率。加大环境保护的执法力度，建立区域生态补偿机制，试点“碳权”和污染物排放交易制度。严格限制既没有科技含量、又无就业增量，市场前景充满风险、高耗能、耗水，占用大量工业用地的项目。构建循环经济产业链条，大力发展“静脉”产业。
6.引导一体化区域空间统筹。
地区一体化发展的本质是为获得空间效率的节约，并实现空间效益的最大化，要在效率最高的地区集中配置资源，让资源最充分地流动。依托长吉间已经形成并将继续强化的交通走廊建设，培育产业发展轴带和廊道；依托轴带上规划发展的新城、新区和新镇等，培育产业结点；依托现有的各类开发区，合理配置特色鲜明的城镇产业共生区。形成产业基地、轴带（廊道）、城镇产业共生区，层次分明、良性互动、协调发展的总体空间格局，实现一体化地区空间结构的优化和空间效率的最大化。
四、结论长吉一体化产业发展，就是要通过推进产业结构高级化，提高自主创新能力，培育新型业态，以及优化区域内部分工，强化产业关联，拉动就业等产业发展策略，使产业发展服务于“三化统筹”，服务于转变发展方式，使产业一体化其成为一体化区域经济社会又好又快发展的核心推动力。
参考文献：
[1]王士君高群：论长春—吉林城市整合发展[J].经济地理，2001,21（5）：589-599
[2]徐全勇：产业融合对区域经济一体化的推动作用[J].产经论坛，2004,10:39-41
It would be very appreciated, if enthusiasts can provide with better translation.